Impact of diet on human nutrition, immune response, gut microbiome, and cognition in an isolated and confined mission environment.

Long-duration spaceflight impacts human physiology, including well documented immune system dysregulation. The space food system has the potential to serve as a countermeasure to maladaptive physiological changes during spaceflight. However, the relationship between dietary requirements, the food system, and spaceflight adaptation requires further investigation to adequately define countermeasures and prioritize resources on future spaceflight missions.

Assessment of Spaceflight Medical Conditions' and Treatments' Potential Impacts on Behavioral Health and Performance.

Long-duration space exploration missions will pose significant risks to the physical and behavioral health and performance of the crew. We documented the presence and frequency of (1) behavioral health and performance (BHP)-relevant symptoms for each condition in NASA's Exploration Medical Conditions List (EMCL), (2) the BHP-relevant effects of applicable medical treatments in the current International Space Station (ISS) On-Orbit Medication List, (3) the breadth of potential BHP impacts of spaceflight medical treatments, and (4) the likelihood of adverse BHP effects of treating spaceflight medical conditions. BHP symptoms and effects were categorized by the six neurobehavioral domains of the National Institute of Mental Health's Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) framework.

Case report of prenatal bilateral cerebellar infarction: implications for social-behavioral functioning.

Complete prenatal cerebellar infarction is rare and few reports exist documenting developmental outcomes. We report outcome data on a child who sustained a stroke to the bilateral cerebellar hemispheres at 25 weeks gestation, and was subsequently seen for follow-up neuropsychological evaluations at ages 5 years, 5 months and 7 years, 9 months. Retrospective chart review.

Emotional distress and burden among caregivers of children with oncological/hematological disorders.

Introduction: Caring for children with oncological and hematological disorders may lead to caregiver emotional distress and caregiver burden; however, little work has examined the relationship between children's symptoms and caregiver's distress and burden.

Method: This study used self-report survey data from caregivers (N = 96) and a cross-sectional design to examine correlates of caregiver emotional distress and burden. Data collected included caregiver and child demographic data, child symptoms (i.

Differentiating among singular and comorbid obsessive-compulsive disorder and social phobia symptomology.

Social phobia is a frequent co-occurring diagnosis with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD); however, co-occurring OCD in those with social phobia is less common. Genetic, environmental, and cognitive traits are common risk factors for anxiety disorders broadly. It is plausible that shared variables related to OCD and/or social phobia could provide insight into the co-occurrence of these two disorders.

The role of intolerance of uncertainty in social anxiety subtypes.

Objectives: Intolerance of uncertainty (IU) is thought to underlie several internalizing disorders; however, it has only begun to be explored within social anxiety (SA). This study extends previous findings by examining IU's relation to performance and interaction SA subtypes and by accounting for obsessive-compulsive symptoms.

Methods: A total of 472 undergraduates completed measures of IU, SA, perfectionism, worry, obsessions/compulsions, and fear of negative evaluation (FNE).

Somatic symptoms in those with performance and interaction anxiety.

This study (n = 304) examined the relationship between somatic symptoms and social anxiety. Significant differences in the experience of somatic symptoms were found among four groups (i.e.

The behavioral avoidance task using imaginal exposure (BATIE): a paper-and-pencil version of traditional in vivo behavioral avoidance tasks.

Behavioral avoidance tasks (BATs) have been used for decades in the assessment of specific phobias, but they also involve a number of prohibitive difficulties. This study investigated a new imaginal/self-report instrument, the Behavioral Avoidance Task Using Imaginal Exposure (BATIE), and evaluated whether it was an efficient paper-and-pencil alternative. Forty-nine adults diagnosed with specific phobias were matched to 49 participants without those particular phobias who served as control participants.

Intolerance of uncertainty as a mediator of the relationship between perfectionism and obsessive-compulsive symptom severity.

Background: Intolerance of uncertainty (IU) and perfectionism have both been shown to predict severity of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) symptoms in populations diagnosed with OCD, as well as analogue samples. According to cognitive models of OCD, symptoms are maintained by dysfunctional beliefs including IU and perfectionism. The purpose of the current study is to extend research on the cognitive theory of OCD by describing how dysfunctional thoughts interact with each other.

Examination and validation of a measure of anxiety specific to children with autism spectrum disorders.

Objective: Investigated the use of a combined scale (Worry/Depressed and Avoidant scales) from the Autism Spectrum Disorders-Comorbidity for Children (ASD-CC) as a measure of anxiety. Alternative methods of measuring anxiety were examined using the ASD-CC in an ASD population.

Methods: Participants included 147 children, age 2-16 years, evincing a mixture of behavior problems.

Repetitive/restricted behaviours and interests in children with cerebral palsy and autism spectrum disorder.

Objective: To inspect the presence and severity of deficits in restricted and/or repetitive behaviours and interests (RRBIs) in children with cerebral palsy (CP) and autism spectrum disorders (ASDs).

Methods: Children studied (18-35 months of age) belonged to one of three diagnostic groups: children with CP and autism (n = 11), children with CP and Pervasive Developmental Disorder-Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS; n = 10) and children with a sole diagnosis of CP (n = 15). A one-way, between subjects ANOVA was conducted on the Repetitive Behaviour/Restricted Interests domain of the Baby and Infant Screen for aUtIsm Traits-Part 1 (BISCUIT-Part 1) and followed up with post-hoc tests.

Evidence-based treatment of anxiety and phobia in children and adolescents: current status and effects on the emotional response.

Research on treatments for childhood anxiety disorders has increased greatly in recent decades. As a result, it has become increasingly necessary to synthesize the findings of these treatment studies into reviews in order to draw wider conclusions on the efficacy of treatments for childhood anxiety. Previous reviews of this literature have used varying criteria to determine the evidence base.

Stepped care for obsessive-compulsive disorder: An open trial.

This study evaluated the effectiveness and treatment costs associated with a stepped care protocol of exposure and response prevention (EX/RP) for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). In the current open trial, patients (N=14) began with self-directed EX/RP and minimal therapist guidance over the course of six weeks (Step 1). During this phase of treatment, no therapist-directed exposures were conducted.