Surveillance of invasive pneumococcal disease in Spain exploring the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic (2019-2023).

Objectives: Dynamic trends of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) including the evolution of prevalent serotypes are very useful to evaluate the impact of current and future pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) and the rise of non-vaccine serotypes. In this study, we include epidemiological patterns of S. pneumoniae before and after COVID-19 pandemic.

Distribution of Multidrug-Resistant Invasive Serotypes of during the Period 2007-2021 in Madrid, Spain.

After the systematic use of conjugate vaccines, the invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) was included into the Madrid Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System through an Epidemiological Surveillance Network. Furthermore, was included in the Spanish Plan of Antibiotic Resistance. The aim of this study was to analyse the multidrug-resistant (MDR) phenotype distribution among invasive strains of isolated during 2007-2021 from usually sterile clinical samples in Madrid, Spain.

Evolution of Antimicrobial Susceptibility to Penicillin in Invasive Strains of during 2007-2021 in Madrid, Spain.

The use of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines has affected the epidemiology and distribution of serotypes causing Invasive Pneumococcal Disease (IPD). The aim of this study was to analyze the evolution of the phenotypical profiles of antimicrobial susceptibility to penicillin (PEN) in all IPD strains isolated in Madrid, Spain, during 2007-2021. In total, 7133 invasive clinical isolates were characterized between 2007 and 2021.

Effectiveness of 10 and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines against invasive pneumococcal disease in European children: SpIDnet observational multicentre study.

Background: Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines covering 10 (PCV10) and 13 (PCV13) serotypes have been introduced in the infant immunization schedule of most European countries in 2010-11. To provide additional real-life data, we measured the effectiveness of PCV10 and PCV13 against invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in children of 12 European sites (SpIDnet).

Methods: We compared the vaccination status of PCV10 and PCV13 serotype IPD (cases) to that of nonPCV13 serotype IPD (controls) reported in 2012-2018.

Serotype Replacement after Introduction of 10-Valent and 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines in 10 Countries, Europe.

We evaluated invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) during 8 years of infant pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) programs using 10-valent (PCV10) and 13-valent (PCV13) vaccines in 10 countries in Europe. IPD incidence declined during 2011-2014 but increased during 2015-2018 in all age groups. From the 7-valent PCV period to 2018, IPD incidence declined by 42% in children <5 years of age, 32% in persons 5-64 years of age, and 7% in persons >65 years of age; non-PCV13 serotype incidence increased by 111%, 63%, and 84%, respectively, for these groups.

Age-Dependent Serotype-Associated Case-Fatality Rate in Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in the Autonomous Community of Madrid between 2007 and 2020.

The aim of this study was to investigate the serotype-associated fatality rate in cases of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in the Spanish region of Madrid between 2007 and 2020. Serotyping was performed by Pneumotest Latex and the Quellung reaction using commercial antisera. Case-fatality rate was estimated as the ratio between the number of deaths at hospital discharge and the number of cases attributable to each serotype.

Nationwide Trends of Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Spain From 2009 Through 2019 in Children and Adults During the Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Era.

Background: Introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) has reduced the disease caused by vaccine serotypes in children, providing herd protection to adults. However, the emergence of nonvaccine serotypes is of great concern worldwide.

Methods: This study includes national laboratory data from invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) cases that affected pediatric and adult populations during 2009-2019.

Evolution of the distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes isolated in pleural fluid in the Madrid Autonomous Community between the years 2007-2018.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to describe the distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes in isolates from pleural fluid in the Madrid Autonomous Community between the years 2007-2018.

Methods: Invasive pneumococcal disease strains isolated during the period 2007-2018 were studied. The frequency of serotypes from pleural fluid was compared with that observed in other samples.

Clinical Relevance and Molecular Pathogenesis of the Emerging Serotypes 22F and 33F of in Spain.

is the main bacterial cause of respiratory infections in children and the elderly worldwide. Serotype replacement is a frequent phenomenon after the introduction of conjugated vaccines, with emerging serotypes 22F and 33F as frequent non-PCV13 serotypes in children and adults in North America and other countries. Characterization of mechanisms involved in evasion of the host immune response by these serotypes is of great importance in public health because they are included in the future conjugated vaccines PCV15 and PCV20.

Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes with meningeal tropism in cases of invasive pneumococcal disease. Community of Madrid, 2007-2018.

Introduction: To describe the distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes isolated in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) between 2007-2018 in the Community of Madrid (CM) and to identify those with higher meningeal tropism.

Methods: Strains isolated from invasive pneumococcal disease were sent to the Regional Laboratory of Public Health by Microbiology laboratories of public and private hospitals of the CM. The frequency of serotypes from CSF was compared with that observed in other samples.

Combination of Antibodies and Antibiotics as a Promising Strategy Against Multidrug-Resistant Pathogens of the Respiratory Tract.

The emergence of clinical isolates associated to multidrug resistance is a serious threat worldwide in terms of public health since complicates the success of the antibiotic treatment and the resolution of the infectious process. This is of great concern in pathogens affecting the lower respiratory tract as these infections are one of the major causes of mortality in children and adults. In most cases where the respiratory pathogen is associated to multidrug-resistance, antimicrobial concentrations both in serum and at the site of infection may be insufficient and the resolution of the infection depends on the interaction of the invading pathogen with the host immune response.