Mental health effects of COVID-19 lockdowns: A Twitter-based analysis.

We use a distinctive methodology that leverages a fixed population of Twitter users located in France to gauge the mental health effects of repeated lockdown orders. To do so, we derive from our population a mental health indicator that measures the frequency of words expressing anger, anxiety and sadness. Our indicator did not reveal a statistically significant mental health response during the first lockdown, while the second lockdown triggered a sharp and persistent deterioration in all three emotions.

Chest wall reconstruction in benign and malignant tumors with non-rigid materials: An overview.

Several materials and techniques have been described for the procedure of chest wall reconstruction: the choice of using a technique or a material over another relies mainly on the surgeon's experience as well as thoracic defect localization and dimension, local availability of materials, and costs. From a technical point of view, autologous and alloplastic reconstruction are available, and, in both cases, rigid and non-rigid prostheses are found. Each material has its peculiarities, with advantages and disadvantages; thus, it is mandatory to be confident when planning the intervention to foresee possible complications and minimize them.

Radial endobronchial ultrasound-assisted transbronchial needle aspiration for pulmonary peripheral lesions in the segmental bronchi adjacent to the central airway.

Background: Tissue samples from lesions located in the 3rd to 5th segmental bronchi are challenging to obtain. In this retrospective study, we aimed to evaluate the diagnostic rate of pulmonary peripheral lesions located in the 3rd to 5th segmental bronchi, near the inner field of lung on the computed tomography (CT) image and outside the bronchus, using radial endobronchial ultrasound (REBUS) followed by transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA).

Methods: This retrospective study enrolled patients whose preoperative CT examinations showed a lesion located in the segmental bronchi (3rd to 5th), yet adjacent to the inner field of lung on the CT image.

COVID-19-Related Pericarditis with Pericardial Clotting as a Hallmark: Two Cases and a Review.

The prevalence of pericardial effusion and its clinical significance is not well understood in COVID-19 patients. We report two cases of COVID-19-related pericardial effusion complicated by intrapericardial clot formation. The final outcome was favorable, but intrapericardial clot remained mostly unchanged at 6-month follow-up.

Diagnosis and staging of lung cancer with the use of one single echoendoscope in both the trachea and the esophagus: A practical guide.

Accurate staging of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is crucial for allocation to surgical, medical or multimodal treatment. EUS and endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) have gained ground in the diagnosis and staging of lung cancer in addition to radiological imaging (e.g.

Comparison between closed pleural biopsy and medical thoracoscopy for the diagnosis of undiagnosed exudative pleural effusions: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Exudative pleural effusion (EPE) is a common diagnostic challenge. The utility of medical thoracoscopy (MT) and closed pleural biopsy (CPB) to aid in the diagnosis of EPE has been reported in many published studies. Herein, we perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the diagnostic yield and safety of CPB and MT in EPE.

Does transbronchial lung cryobiopsy give useful information in asthmatic patients?

Introduction: Lung biopsy in asthmatic patients is justified in case of atypical presentations of asthma, when other differential diagnoses, such as hypersensitivity pneumonitis or eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, could be possible or for research purposes.

Aim: We aim to describe the utility and the safety of TBLC (transbronchial lung cryobiopsy) in asthmatic patients, providing data on the pathological changes occurring in the airways and in the lung parenchyma.

Methods: We reviewed asthmatic patients that underwent TBLC, that eventually had only a final diagnosis of asthma.

Biopsy needles for mediastinal lymph node sampling by endosonography: current knowledge and future perspectives.

Due to the increasing role of endosonography [endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) and esophageal ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA)] in the diagnosis of several lung diseases, the knowledge of technical aspects is mandatory to optimize the success of the procedure. Among those technicalities related to the procedure, the choice of a needle over another one-either in terms of dimension and type-may have a role in the diagnostic process, especially in some diseases such as lymphoproliferative disorders. In this review, we analyze the current knowledge about the biopsy needle for endosonography, providing also some hints for the future.

Transbronchial Lung Cryobiopsy in Interstitial Lung Diseases: Best Practice.

The lung biopsy in interstitial lung disease (ILD) represents an important diagnostic step when the clinical and radiological data are insufficient for a firm diagnosis. A growing body of evidence suggests the utility of transbronchial lung cryobiopsy (TBLC) in the diagnostic algorithm of ILD as it allows, compared to transbronchial lung biopsy with conventional forceps, a better identification of complex histological patterns - such as usual interstitial pneumonia - and can provide information which has a clinical impact on the multidisciplinary discussion similar to that provided by surgical lung biopsy. Performed correctly, it appears to have a better safety profile than surgery.

Usefulness of Medical Thoracoscopy in the Management of Pleural Effusion Caused by Chronic Renal Failure.

Introduction: Although pleural effusion (PE) can be caused by several pathologies like congestive heart failure, infections, malignancies, and pulmonary embolism, it is also a common finding in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Diagnostic thoracentesis is of limited value in the differential diagnosis, and the role of more invasive investigations like medical thoracoscopy (MT) is still unclear.

Aim: To evaluate the usefulness of MT in unexplained PE in CKD.

Impact of EBUS-TBNA on PET-CT Imaging of Mediastinal Nodes.

Background: Positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) with fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose has a high sensitivity in detecting malignancy in patients suspected of lung cancer but a low specificity as inflammatory reactions can also result in metabolic activity. Furthermore, it is assumed that invasive pulmonary procedures with biopsies from benign lesions can induce metabolic activity resulting in false-positive results. However, this hypothesis lacks solid evidence.

Esophageal Endosonography for the Diagnosis of Intrapulmonary Tumors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Biopsy-based diagnosis in patients with paraesophageal intrapulmonary tumors suspected of lung cancer is crucial for adequate treatment planning.

Objective: To evaluate the performance of transesophageal endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) in the diagnosis of intrapulmonary tumors located near or adjacent to the esophagus.

Methods: We performed a systematic review (PROSPERO, CRD42016033737) and searched MEDLINE, Embase, BIOSIS Previews, and Web of Science on September 22, 2016, without date or language restrictions.

Ultrasound-guided Lung Biopsy in the Hands of Respiratory Physicians: Diagnostic Yield and Complications in 215 Consecutive Patients in 3 Centers.

Background: The aim of the study was to determine the diagnostic yield and prevalence of complications of ultrasound-guided transthoracic needle aspiration biopsies (US-TTNAB) performed by respiratory physicians after implementation of the procedure in an everyday clinical setting at 3 different centers.

Methods: Patients were included if they during the period from January 2012 to August 2014 had a registered US-TTNAB procedure code or if a US biopsy registration form had been filled out at either of the participating centers. Histology or cytology results were used as a reference test for diagnoses that could be made based on these results.

Bronchoscopy as a supplement to computed tomography in patients with haemoptysis may be unnecessary.

Background: Haemoptysis is a common symptom and can be an early sign of lung cancer. Careful investigation of patients with haemoptysis may lead to early diagnosis. The strategy for investigation of these patients, however, is still being debated.

Usefulness of Conventional Transbronchial Needle Aspiration for Sampling of Mediastinal Lymph Nodes in Lung Cancer.

Background: Transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) is recognized as a valuable tool for the sampling of mediastinal lymph nodes. In this study, we report data about the diagnostic yield of conventional TBNA in the diagnosis and staging of lung cancer.

Methods: All patients with suspected lung cancer who underwent bronchoscopy with conventional TBNA in the years 2008 to 2012 were evaluated.

Combined endobronchial and esophageal endosonography for the diagnosis and staging of lung cancer: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Guideline, in cooperation with the European Respiratory Society (ERS) and the European Society of Thoracic Surgeons (ESTS).

This is an official guideline of the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE), produced in cooperation with the European Respiratory Society (ERS) and the European Society of Thoracic Surgeons (ESTS). It addresses the benefit and burden associated with combined endobronchial and esophageal mediastinal nodal staging of lung cancer. The Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) approach was adopted to define the strength of recommendations and the quality of evidence.

Combined endobronchial and esophageal endosonography for the diagnosis and staging of lung cancer: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Guideline, in cooperation with the European Respiratory Society (ERS) and the European Society of Thoracic Surgeons (ESTS).

This is an official guideline of the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE), produced in cooperation with the European Respiratory Society (ERS) and the European Society of Thoracic Surgeons (ESTS). It addresses the benefit and burden associated with combined endobronchial and esophageal mediastinal nodal staging of lung cancer. The Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) approach was adopted to define the strength of recommendations and the quality of evidence.

How to learn and to perform endoscopic ultrasound and endobronchial ultrasound for lung cancer staging: A structured guide and review.

The learning of transesophageal ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) (endoscopic ultrasound-FNA), and endobronchial ultrasound guided transbronchial needle aspiration (endosonography) should be based on the following steps: Acquiring theoretical knowledge, training on simulators, and supervised performance on patients. Each step should be completed by passing a validated exam before proceeding to the next step. This approach will assure basic competency on all levels, and testing also facilitates learning and improves retention.

Assessment of competence in simulated flexible bronchoscopy using motion analysis.

Background: Flexible bronchoscopy should be performed with a correct posture and a straight scope to optimize bronchoscopy performance and at the same time minimize the risk of work-related injuries and endoscope damage.

Objectives: We aimed to test whether an automatic motion analysis system could be used to explore if there is a correlation in scope movements and the operator's level of experience. Our hypothesis was that experienced bronchoscopists move less and keep the flexible scope straighter than less-experienced bronchoscopists while performing procedures.