Genomic epidemiology of the Escherichia coli O104:H4 outbreaks in Europe, 2011.

The degree to which molecular epidemiology reveals information about the sources and transmission patterns of an outbreak depends on the resolution of the technology used and the samples studied. Isolates of Escherichia coli O104:H4 from the outbreak centered in Germany in May-July 2011, and the much smaller outbreak in southwest France in June 2011, were indistinguishable by standard tests. We report a molecular epidemiological analysis using multiplatform whole-genome sequencing and analysis of multiple isolates from the German and French outbreaks.

Detection of HPV DNA in cervical specimens collected in cytologic solution by ligation-dependent PCR.

Objective: To determine the feasibility and sensitivity of detecting human papillomavirus (HPV) in specimens collected in Cytyc PreservCyt fluid (Boxborough, Massachusetts, U.S.A.

Variable effects of short chain fatty acids and lactic acid in inducing intestinal mucosal injury in newborn rats.

Background: Short chain fatty acids and lactic acid are colonic bacterial fermentation products.

Methods: To evaluate the effects of these organic acids on the intestinal mucosa, a total of 72 newborn Sprague-Dawley rats (10 days old) were studied. A 3.

Vitamin A supplementation ameliorates butyric acid-induced intestinal mucosal injury in newborn rats.

Vitamin A (vit A) plays an important role in wound healing and therefore may help in repairing of intestinal mucosal injury. The purpose of this study was to determine if vit A supplementation could promote healing in intestinal mucosal injury as commonly seen in neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Mild intestinal mucosal injury was induced in 10-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats by luminal administration of 1.