Ultrasonographic visualization of the liver in sites recommended for blind percutaneous liver biopsy in horses.

Objective: To ascertain the frequency of ultrasonographic identification of liver at sites recommended for blind percutaneous liver biopsy in middle-aged horses and to determine whether the liver is obscured by other organs or too thin for safe sample collection at recommended locations.

Design: Prospective case series.

Animals: 36 healthy middle-aged (between 3 and 18 years old) Quarter Horses or Quarter Horse crosses [Corrected].

Material properties are related to stress fracture callus and porosity of cortical bone tissue at affected and unaffected sites.

Stress fractures are overuse injuries of bone that affect elite athletes and military recruits. One response of cortical bone to stress fracture is to lay down periosteal callus. The objectives of this study were to determine if material properties are different among bones with different stages of stress fracture callus, at both a callus site and at a distal site.