Gut microbiome and function are altered for individuals living in high fluoride concentration areas in Pakistan.

Background: Endemic fluorosis refers to the condition when individuals are exposed to excessive amounts of fluoride ion due to living in a region characterized by elevated levels of fluorine in the drinking water, food, and/or air. In Pakistan, a substantial proportion of the population is thereby affected, posing a public health concern.

Objectives: Assessing how the gut microbiota and its metabolic profiles are impacted by chronic exposure to fluoride in drinking water (that caused Dental Fluorosis) as well as to perceive how this microbiota is connected to adverse health outcomes prevailing with fluoride exposure.

Multi-spectroscopic study of electrochemically-formed oxide-derived gold electrodes.

Oxide-derived metals are produced by reducing an oxide precursor. These materials, including gold, have shown improved catalytic performance over many native metals. The origin of this improvement for gold is not yet understood.

Influence of the chronic groundwater fluoride consumption on cholinergic enzymes, ACHE and BCHE gene SNPs and pro-inflammatory cytokines: A study with Pakistani population groups.

Fluoride is one of the abundant elements found in the Earth's crust and is a global environmental issue. The present work aimed to find the impact of chronic consumption of fluoride contained groundwater on human subjects. Five hundred and twelve volunteers from different areas of Pakistan were recruited.

Is Botox for anal pain an effective treatment option?

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Botulinum toxin-A (Botox) in relieving anal pain associated with anal fissure (AF) and Levator ani syndrome (LS).

Methods: All patients with medically refractory AF or LS from 2005 to 2012 and treated with Botox injections were included.

Results: One hundred and three patients [66 patients (53 female) with AF and 37 patients (26 female) with LS] were evaluated.