Hydrothermal co-liquefaction of microalgae, sugarcane bagasse, brewer's spent grain, and sludge from a paper recycling mill: Modeling and evaluation of biocrude and biochar yield.

Biomass can be used as an energy source to thermochemical conversion processes to biocrude production. However, the supply and dependence on only one biomass for biocrude production can be an obstacle due to its seasonality, availability, and logistics costs. In this way, biomass waste and agroindustrial residues can be mixture and used as feedstock to the hydrothermal co-liquefaction (co-HTL) process as an alternative to obtaining biocrude.

Dermatoscopy and reflectance confocal microscopy for basal cell carcinoma diagnosis and diagnosis prediction score: A prospective and multicenter study on 1005 lesions.

Background: Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is usually diagnosed by clinical and dermatoscopy examination, but diagnostic accuracy may be suboptimal. Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) imaging increases skin cancer diagnostic accuracy.

Objective: To evaluate additional benefit in diagnostic accuracy of handheld RCM in a prospective controlled clinical setting.

Reactive Oxygen Species Regulation of Chemoresistance and Metastatic Capacity of Melanoma: Role of the Cancer Stem Cell Marker CD271.

BRAF mutations are present in 30-50% of cases of cutaneous melanoma, and treatment with selective BRAF and MEK inhibitors has been introduced. However, the development of resistance to these drugs often occurs. Chemo-resistant melanoma cells show increased expression of CD271, a stem cell marker that features increased migration.

Research progress, trends, and future prospects on hydrothermal liquefaction of algae for biocrude production: a bibliometric analysis.

The rising demand to settle a sustainable energy source is guiding researchers in the production of biofuels. The liquefaction process is an alternative to obtaining biocrude from different types of renewable biomass and can mitigate environmental impacts. All papers published since 2000, which are related to the hydrothermal liquefaction process that aims to obtain biocrude are analyzed in the present study using the bibliometric approach to provide the selected database.

Effect of Reflectance Confocal Microscopy for Suspect Lesions on Diagnostic Accuracy in Melanoma: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Previous systematic reviews and meta-analyses have concluded that given data paucity, a comparison of reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) with dermoscopy is complex. They recommend comparative prospective studies in a real-world setting of suspect lesions.

Objective: To test the hypothesis that RCM reduces unnecessary lesion excision by more than 30% and identifies all melanoma lesions thicker than 0.

Cutaneous Melanoma Systematic Diagnostic Workflows and Integrated Reflectance Confocal Microscopy Assessed with a Retrospective, Comparative Longitudinal (2009-2018) Study.

Background: The increasing global burden of melanoma demands efficient health services. Accurate early melanoma diagnosis improves prognosis.

Objectives: To assess melanoma prevention strategies and a systematic diagnostic-therapeutical workflow (improved patient access and high-performance technology integration) and estimate cost savings.

Clinical and Dermoscopic Factors for the Identification of Aggressive Histologic Subtypes of Basal Cell Carcinoma.

Background: Infiltrative basal cell carcinoma (BCC) has a higher risk for post-surgical recurrence as compared to the most common low-aggressive superficial and nodular BCC. Independent diagnostic criteria for infiltrative BCC diagnosis have not been still defined. Improving the pre-surgical recognition of infiltrative BCC might significantly reduce the risk of incomplete excision and recurrence.

Similar but Different: How Reflectance Confocal Microscopy May Help in the Diagnosis of Pink Lesions.

Background: Among skin neoplasms, solitary pink tumors represent challenging lesions in clinical practice since they can mimic melanocytic and nonmelanocytic lesions or even inflammatory ones.

Objective: In this case series we described dermoscopic and confocal features of 2 couples of similar lesions in order to achieve the correct diagnosis and the best therapeutic approach.

Methods: During clinical routine practice, 2 couples of clinically and dermoscopically similar lesions were examined by means of confocal microscopy.

Prediction of survival in patients with thin melanoma: results from a multi-institution study.

Purpose: Cutaneous melanoma incidence is increasing. Most new cases are thin (≤ 1 mm) with favorable prognoses, but survival is nonetheless variable. Our aim was to investigate new prognostic factors and construct a nomogram for predicting survival in individual patients.

High magnification digital dermoscopy of basal cell carcinoma: a single-centre study on 400 cases.

The aim of this study was to assess the frequency of classic dermoscopic basal cell carcinoma (BCC) features and the sensitivity of new descriptors, such as light brown nests (homogeneous and structured) only visible employing a high magnification digital videomicroscope. A retrospective analysis of 2,024 highly magnified digital images referring to 400 BCCs was performed by 3 independent observers, who assessed 11 classic BCC descriptors and the new ones. Light brown nests were detected in 40.

CDKN2A and MC1R variants influence dermoscopic and confocal features of benign melanocytic lesions in multiple melanoma patients.

Non-invasive diagnostic tools are effective in the histomorphological study of melanocytic lesions. The role of melanoma susceptibility genes on melanocytic nevi histopathological features is not clear. The current study aimed to correlate genetic alterations and histomorphological features of melanocytic nevi.

Negative pigment network identifies a peculiar melanoma subtype and represents a clue to melanoma diagnosis: a dermoscopic study of 401 melanomas.

The dermoscopic descriptor "negative pigment network" (NPN) has been reported in several types of melanocytic and non-melanocytic lesions, although it has a higher frequency of association with melanoma and Spitz naevus. In a study of 401 consecutive melanomas, excluding facial, acral and mucosal locations, the frequency and variability of NPN were investigated, and the results of NPN correlated with clinical and histopathological data. NPN of any extension was found in 27% of melanomas, most frequently invasive and arising from a naevus on the trunk of young subjects.

High resolution diagnosis of common nevi by multiphoton laser tomography and fluorescence lifetime imaging.

Background: Multiphoton Laser Tomography (MPT) has developed as a non-invasive tool that allows real-time observation of the skin with subcellular resolution. MPT is readily combined with time resolved detectors to achieve fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM). The aim of our study was to identify morphologic MPT/FLIM descriptors of melanocytic nevi, referring to cellular and architectural features.

Novel PTCH1 mutations in patients with keratocystic odontogenic tumors screened for nevoid basal cell carcinoma (NBCC) syndrome.

Keratocystic odontogenic tumors (KCOTs) are cystic tumors that arise sporadically or associated with nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCCS). NBCCS is a rare autosomal dominantly inherited disease mainly characterized by multiple basal cell carcinomas, KCOTs of the jaws and a variety of other tumors. PTCH1 mutation can be found both in sporadic or NBCCS associated KCOTs.

Diagnosis of BCC by multiphoton laser tomography.

Background/purpose: Multiphoton Laser Tomography (MPT) is a non-linear optical technique that gives access to morphology and structure of both cells and extracellular matrix of the skin through the combination of autofluorescence imaging and second harmonic generation (SHG). The aim of this study was to identify MPT descriptors on ex vivo specimens of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) to assess the sensitivity and specificity of these criteria for the diagnosis of BCC and its differentiation from other skin tumours, inflammatory diseases and healthy skin.

Methods: In the preliminary study, MPT images referring to 24 BCCs and 24 healthy skin samples were simultaneously evaluated by three observers for the identification of features characteristic of BCC.

Variegated dermoscopy of in situ melanoma.

Background: Melanomas in situ (MIS) are difficult to diagnose, lacking well-established dermoscopic descriptors.

Objective: The aim of this study was to improve the identification of early melanomas describing the variegated dermoscopic features of MIS and their correlation with demographic and clinical aspects.

Methods: Dermoscopic images of 114 histologically proven MIS were evaluated by 3 expert dermoscopists and classified into their main dermoscopic patterns.

The dermoscopic variability of pigment network in melanoma in situ.

To define the dermoscopic aspects of the network in melanoma in situ (MIS), using both standard and newly introduced network descriptors. Fifty-four histologically confirmed MIS with a reticular pattern, 108 atypical reticular naevi and 108 typical reticular naevi were evaluated for the presence of 11 network descriptors. The ABCD-score and the seven-point score were calculated, and the diameter of the lesions was measured by means of a dedicated software.

Multiphoton laser microscopy and fluorescence lifetime imaging for the evaluation of the skin.

Multiphoton laser microscopy is a new, non-invasive technique providing access to the skin at a cellular and subcellular level, which is based both on autofluorescence and fluorescence lifetime imaging. Whereas the former considers fluorescence intensity emitted by epidermal and dermal fluorophores and by the extra-cellular matrix, fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM), is generated by the fluorescence decay rate. This innovative technique can be applied to the study of living skin, cell cultures and ex vivo samples.

Dermoscopic island: a new descriptor for thin melanoma.

Objectives: To determine the frequency and the features of the dermoscopic island (DI) in melanocytic lesions and to assess its specificity for the diagnosis of melanoma. Dermoscopy improves the diagnostic accuracy of melanoma, but only a few dermoscopic descriptors specific for thin melanomas have been identified. We defined a new descriptor, the dermoscopic island, a well-circumscribed area showing a uniform dermoscopic pattern that differs from the rest of the pigmented lesion.

Reflectance confocal microscopy as an aid to dermoscopy to improve diagnosis on equivocal lesions: evaluation of three bluish nodules.

Nodular lesions can be difficult to diagnose under dermoscopy alone, since they often lack specific diagnostic features. Confocal microscopy can be used as an aid to dermoscopy, to increase the diagnostic accuracy on equivocal skin lesions. We report three cases of bluish nodular lesions, difficult to diagnose under dermoscopy alone.