Management and Outcomes of Unilateral Group D Tumors in Retinoblastoma.

Purpose: Retinoblastoma presents most commonly as advanced unilateral disease, particularly in developing countries for which primary enucleation has been the preferred method of treatment. However, with the evolution of newer treatment modalities including intravitreal chemotherapy, intra-arterial chemotherapy and newer chemotherapeutic combinations, a trend towards more conservative approaches is being observed. Our aim is to evaluate outcomes of group D eyes following conservative and non-conservative treatment options.

The role of external beam radiation therapy for retinoblastoma after failure of combined chemoreduction and focal consolidation therapy.

: To study the role of external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) for the treatment of retinoblastoma eyes that were not cured by combined systemic chemotherapy and focal consolidation therapy.: A retrospective case series of 28 eyes for 24 retinoblastoma patients treated by EBRT after the failure of tumor controlled by chemotherapy and focal therapy. The main outcome measures included: international intraocular retinoblastoma classification stage (IIRC) and Reese Ellsworth (RE) stage, tumor seeding, treatment modalities, eye salvage, and survival.