Disclosing azole resistance mechanisms in resistant Candida glabrata strains encoding wild-type or gain-of-function CgPDR1 alleles through comparative genomics and transcriptomics.

The pathogenic yeast Candida glabrata is intrinsically resilient to azoles and rapidly acquires resistance to these antifungals, in vitro and in vivo. In most cases azole-resistant C. glabrata clinical strains encode hyperactive CgPdr1 variants, however, resistant strains encoding wild-type CgPDR1 alleles have also been isolated, although remaining to be disclosed the underlying resistance mechanism.

An Overview on Conventional and Non-Conventional Therapeutic Approaches for the Treatment of Candidiasis and Underlying Resistance Mechanisms in Clinical Strains.

Fungal infections and, in particular, those caused by species of the genus, are growing at an alarming rate and have high associated rates of mortality and morbidity. These infections, generally referred as candidiasis, range from common superficial rushes caused by an overgrowth of the yeasts in mucosal surfaces to life-threatening disseminated mycoses. The success of currently used antifungal drugs to treat candidiasis is being endangered by the continuous emergence of resistant strains, specially among non-albicans species.

Effect of Acetic Acid and Lactic Acid at Low pH in Growth and Azole Resistance of and .

Successful colonization of the acidic vaginal niche by and depends on their ability to cope with the presence of lactic and acetic acids produced by commensal microbiota. As such, the inhibitory effect of these acids at a low pH in growth of and was investigated. The effect of the presence of these organic acids in tolerance of the two species to azoles used in treatment of vaginal infections was also investigated including eventual synergistic effects.

Comparative genomic and transcriptomic analyses unveil novel features of azole resistance and adaptation to the human host in Candida glabrata.

The frequent emergence of azole resistance among Candida glabrata strains contributes to increase the incidence of infections caused by this species. Whole-genome sequencing of a fluconazole and voriconazole-resistant clinical isolate (FFUL887) and subsequent comparison with the genome of the susceptible strain CBS138 revealed prominent differences in several genes documented to promote azole resistance in C. glabrata.

Mechanistic Insights Underlying Tolerance to Acetic Acid Stress in Vaginal Candida glabrata Clinical Isolates.

During colonization of the vaginal tract cells are challenged with the presence of acetic acid at a low pH, specially when dysbiosis occurs. To avoid exclusion from this niche cells are expected to evolve efficient adaptive responses to cope with this stress; however, these responses remain largely uncharacterized, especially in vaginal strains. In this work a cohort of 18 vaginal strains and 2 laboratory strains (CBS138 and KUE100) were phenotyped for their tolerance against inhibitory concentrations of acetic acid at pH 4.

Genome Sequence of the Nonconventional Wine Yeast Hanseniaspora guilliermondii UTAD222.

In this work, we disclose the genome sequence and a corresponding manually curated annotation of the non-Saccharomyces yeast Hanseniaspora guilliermondii UTAD222, a strain shown to have interesting oenological traits for the production of wines with improved aromatic properties.

The CgHaa1-Regulon Mediates Response and Tolerance to Acetic Acid Stress in the Human Pathogen Candida glabrata.

To thrive in the acidic vaginal tract, Candida glabrata has to cope with high concentrations of acetic acid. The mechanisms underlying C. glabrata tolerance to acetic acid at low pH remain largely uncharacterized.