The Importance of Cellular Therapy in the Clinical Case of a Young Man With a Challenging Precursor B-cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia.

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) poses a significant challenge due to its high relapse rate despite initial chemotherapy. Cell therapy plays an important and promising role in refractory ALL cases. The aim is to present a complex case of a 20-year-old male patient with relapsed ALL and to explore the different therapeutic options of cellular therapy - allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, donor lymphocyte infusion, and chimeric antigen receptor T - detailing the collection, processing, and infusion, as well as the associated complications and management strategies.

Recurrent mucosal leishmaniasis of the epiglottis in an immunosuppressed patient.

Leishmaniasis is a disease caused by the intracellular protozoan parasite and are known more than 20 species(1) harmful for men. A 74-year-old man, with sarcoidosis treated with methotrexate and corticoid, was assessed, in 2021, by an ENT specialist due to dysphagia, dysphonia, and odynophagia with a 5-year evolution and progressive worsening. A biopsy of the right vocal cord and epiglottis was performed, and the histology demonstrated the presence of amastigotes in the tissues coloured by Giemsa making the diagnosis of Leishmaniasis.

Mortality predictive factors of people living with human immunodeficiency virus and bloodstream infection.

Introduction: Portugal has one of the highest mortality rates for people living with HIV (PLWHIV) in Europe. After antiretroviral therapy introduction, HIV-associated mortality declined, included the one associated with bloodstream infection (BSI). However it is still high, and European data are scarce .