β-Amyloid species production and tau phosphorylation in iPSC-neurons with reference to neuropathologically characterized matched donor brains.

A basic assumption underlying induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) models of neurodegeneration is that disease-relevant pathologies present in brain tissue are also represented in donor-matched cells differentiated from iPSCs. However, few studies have tested this hypothesis in matched iPSCs and neuropathologically characterized donated brain tissues. To address this, we assessed iPSC-neuron production of β-amyloid (Aβ) Aβ40, Aβ42, and Aβ43 in 24 iPSC lines matched to donor brains with primary neuropathologic diagnoses of sporadic AD (sAD), familial AD (fAD), control, and other neurodegenerative disorders.

Viral and host mediators of non-suppressible HIV-1 viremia.

Non-suppressible HIV-1 viremia (NSV) is defined as persistent low-level viremia on antiretroviral therapy (ART) without evidence of ART non-adherence or significant drug resistance. Unraveling the mechanisms behind NSV would broaden our understanding of HIV-1 persistence. Here we analyzed plasma virus sequences in eight ART-treated individuals with NSV (88% male) and show that they are composed of large clones without evidence of viral evolution over time in those with longitudinal samples.

Viral and Host Mediators of Non-Suppressible HIV-1 Viremia.

Non-suppressible HIV-1 viremia (NSV) can occur in persons with HIV despite adherence to combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) and in the absence of significant drug resistance. Here, we show that plasma NSV sequences are comprised primarily of large clones without evidence of viral evolution over time. We defined proviruses that contribute to plasma viremia as "producer", and those that did not as "non-producer".