A systematic review and meta-analysis of factors influencing ImPACT concussion testing in high school and collegiate athletes with self-reported ADHD and/or LD.

Objective: Sport concussion is a common injury, and athletes with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and/or learning disorder (LD) are at increased risk and require specialized attention in clinical settings. Although systematic reviews of the relationship between ADHD/LD and concussion are reported in the literature, these reviews do not include quantitative syntheses. Additionally, no reviews have focused on the most commonly utilized concussion assessment, Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT).

Potential for intranasal drug delivery to alter cerebrospinal fluid outflow via the nasal turbinate lymphatics.

Background: Cerebrospinal fluid absorption (CSF) at the cribriform plate is mediated by direct extracranial connections to the lymphatic system. Given the accessibility of these pharmacologically responsive vessels we hypothesized that the rate of CSF outflow can be modulated via the intranasal delivery of drugs known to affect lymphatic contractile activity.

Findings: Fluid was infused into the lateral ventricle of anesthetized sheep and inflow rate and CSF pressure measured during intranasal administration of pharmacological agents.