Cannabis-Induced Anxiety Disorder in the Emergency Department.

Background: In December 2018, Michigan became the 10th state to legalize marijuana for adults. Since this law took effect, increased availability and use of cannabis in Michigan have led to increased emergency department (ED) visits associated with the drug's psychiatric effects.

Objectives: To describe cannabis-induced anxiety disorder's prevalence, clinical features, and disposition in a community-based study.

Effect of Water Hardness on Catechin and Caffeine Content in Green Tea Infusions.

The health benefits of green tea are associated with its high catechin content. In scientific studies, green tea is often prepared with deionized water. However, casual consumers will simply use their local tap water, which differs in alkalinity and mineral content depending on the region.

Varus displacement of intertrochanteric femur fractures on injury radiographs is associated with screw cutout.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to determine if varus displacement of intertrochanteric femur fractures on injury radiographs is associated with screw cutout after fixation.

Methods: A retrospective review performed at two urban level 1 trauma centers identified 334 patients with intertrochanteric femur fractures treated with either a cephalomedullary nail (CMN) or a sliding hip screw (SHS). Median patient age was 75 years, 69% were female and 46% had unstable fractures.

Variables Associated With Lag Screw Sliding After Single-Screw Cephalomedullary Nail Fixation of Intertrochanteric Fractures.

Objectives: To evaluate variables associated with lag screw sliding after single-screw cephalomedullary nail (CMN) fixation of intertrochanteric femur fractures.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: Level-one trauma center.

Enzymatic cleavage of uracil-containing single-stranded DNA linkers for the efficient release of affinity-selected circulating tumor cells.

We report a novel strategy to enzymatically release affinity-selected cells, such as circulating tumor cells (CTCs), from surfaces with high efficiency (∼90%) while maintaining cell viability (>85%). The strategy utilizes single-stranded DNAs that link a capture antibody to the surfaces of a CTC selection device. The DNA linkers contain a uracil residue that can be cleaved.

PTEN deficiency mediates a reciprocal response to IGFI and mTOR inhibition.

Unlabelled: Recent evidence implicates the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) pathway in development of Ewing sarcoma, a highly malignant bone and soft-tissue tumor that primarily affects children and young adults. Despite promising results from preclinical studies of therapies that target this pathway, early-phase clinical trials have shown that a significant fraction of patients do not benefit, suggesting that cellular factors determine tumor sensitivity. Using FAIRE-seq, a chromosomal deletion of the PTEN locus in a Ewing sarcoma cell line was identified.

Evaluation of an online partner notification program.

Background: Internet-based programs for sexually transmitted infections (STI)/HIV partner notification have generated considerable interest as public health interventions; yet data are lacking to support widespread dissemination. We report on a clinic-based and web-based evaluation of the Colorado inSPOT online partner notification program.

Methods: Clinic-based surveys were conducted at a large urban STI clinic before and after the implementation of feasible clinic interventions as well as nonclinic campaigns to promote the use of inSPOT Colorado.

Viral contamination of embryos cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen.

Despite the worldwide application of embryo-freezing technology as the means of preserving germplasm of mammalian species, there is no information available on the possible transmission of infectious agents to cryopreserved embryos via contaminated liquid nitrogen (LN). Recently, it has been reported that new methods of cryopreservation which employ ultrarapid freezing or vitrification require direct contact between the freezing medium containing oocytes or embryos and liquid phase nitrogen (LPN). As models for human and animal viral pathogens three bovine viruses, bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV), and bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV), were employed to study the potential for their transmission by experimentally contaminated LN to embryos frozen and stored in open freezing containers.

Association of bovine embryos produced by in vitro fertilization with a noncytopathic strain of bovine viral diarrhea virus type II.

In the first experiment, heifers were infected experimentally with bovine viral diarrhea virus type II (BVDV-type II, strain CD87; characterized by high morbidity and mortality). Subsequently, in vitro fertilized embryos were produced from oocytes collected on Day 4, 8, and 16 post infection. In a total of 29 heifers, the infectious virus was detected in 55% of the samples of the follicular fluid, in 10% of the oviductal cells, in 10% of the uterine flushes and in 41% of the in vitro fertilized embryos.

The effect of high concentrations of cryoprotectants on the passage of bovine viral diarrhea virus through the zona pellucida of in vitro fertilized embryos.

The effect of high concentrations of cryoprotectants on the passage of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) through the zona pellucida (ZP) of intact bovine embryos during the pre-freezing step of cryopreservation was investigated in a series of experiments. In vitro fertilized (IVF) embryos at the blastocyst stage were exposed to 10(6) TCID50 BVDV (non-cytopathic NY-1 strain) in a 30% suspension of either ethylene glycol, glycerol, DMSO, or 2 M sucrose in physiological saline for 10 min at 20 degrees C. Subsequently, the embryos were washed free of residual unbound viral particles, and the ZP of some embryos were removed by micromanipulation.

The efficacy of trypsin for disinfection of in vitro fertilized bovine embryos exposed to bovine herpesvirus 1.

Bovine cumulus-oocyte complexes (COC) or in vitro fertilized (IVF) embryos were exposed to bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) during in vitro maturation or co-culture with uterine tubal cells, respectively. Trypsin, at a concentration of 0.25%, was applied (for approximately 90 s) to disinfect either COC or cumulus-free oocytes (CFO) 18 h after insemination, or on day 7 to embryos resulting from infected oocytes.

Detection of bovine polyomavirus contamination in fetal bovine sera and modified live viral vaccines using polymerase chain reaction.

A nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay has been developed for the detection of bovine polyomavirus (BPyV) DNA. The assay has been used to screen commercial lots of fetal bovine serum and modified live veterinary vaccines for the presence of the agent. A PCR product of the expected size was detected after the first round of PCR for eight out of 20 serum lots, but in none of the 14 vaccines tested.

Characterization of a human adenovirus 5: rabies glycoprotein recombinant vaccine reisolated from orally vaccinated skunks.

An infectious recombinant human adenovirus which carries the rabies glycoprotein gene and accompanying SV40 control elements can be given orally to skunks to immunize them against rabies. We have looked for adenovirus in the feces and oral fluids of animals that have been given this recombinant and have obtained 111 virus positive samples from 16 test animals. DNA from these virus isolates was examined for possible mutations.

Isolation of caliciviruses from skunks that are antigenically and genotypically related to San Miguel sea lion virus.

Caliciviruses were isolated from feces of skunks imported from the north central United States to Canada. Virus isolation was accomplished using adenovirus-transformed human kidney (293) cells, swine testes and Vero cells. Plaque size variants were presented, but there was no apparent difference in virus morphology by negative stain or immune electron microscopy.

In vitro assessments of the genetic stability of a live recombinant human adenovirus vaccine against rabies.

The genetic stability of a live human adenovirus 5: rabies glycoprotein recombinant vaccine has been assessed upon 20 serial passages in a permissive cell line of human origin. Restriction endonuclease analysis and the polymerase chain reaction were used to examine the integrity of the expression cassette for the rabies glycoprotein and the viral vector at the site of insertion of the cassette. It was found that the restriction endonuclease profile was identical for each sample assayed.

Approaches for genetic purity testing of live recombinant viral vaccines using a human adenovirus:rabies model.

A two part purity testing regimen for genetically engineered live viral vaccines is described using a human adenovirus 5: rabies glycoprotein gene recombinant as a model vaccine. Initially, restriction endonuclease analysis of the recombinant viral genome verified the integrity of the recombinant construct and identified the vector genome. The second stage employed the polymerase chain reaction to facilitate a more detailed study of the target rabies glycoprotein cassette.

M protein deficient streptococcal cell walls can induce acute and chronic arthritis rats.

Cell walls from M+ and M- protein variants of group A streptococci were examined for their arthritogenicity in female Lewis rats. Intraperitoneal administration of both of these sonicated cell wall preparations caused a severe acute and chronic arthritis in recipient rats. Histological evaluation of the hind paw of these rats indicated synovial lining hyperplasia, cell infiltration in the subsynovial space, pannus formation, and erosions of bone and cartilage.

Streptococcal cell wall arthritis. Passive transfer of disease with a T cell line and crossreactivity of streptococcal cell wall antigens with Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Primary lymph node cells derived from streptococcal cell wall arthritic rats or those derived from adjuvant arthritic rats proliferated in response to cell wall antigens derived from either streptococcal cell walls or those from M. tuberculosis. In addition, two T cell lines have been isolated from lymph nodes of rats during the chronic phase of streptococcal cell wall arthritis.

Type II collagen arthritis: identification of arthritogenic epitopes using fractionated anticollagen IgG.

Affinity-purified anticollagen IgG was fractionated on purified cyanogen bromide-derived collagen peptide Sepharose. The antibody fraction bound to the peptides was eluted and tested for its ability to induce passive arthritis in recipients. Anticollagen IgG bound to peptide 5 (alpha 1(II)-CB8-10 and alpha 1(II)CB11-8) and to peptide 6 (alpha 1(II)CB11) were active in inducing passive arthritis.

Cyclic AMP-phosphodiesterase and epidermal mitosis.

The relationship between cyclic AMP-phosphodiesterase (cAMP-PDE) inhibition and inhibition of epidermal mitosis was examined for several compounds using a soluble, low Km PDE activity from hairless mouse skin and the G2 mouse ear mitosis assay. Orders of potency determined at IC50 levels (concentrations required for 50% inhibition) were SQ 20009 greater than RO 20-1724 greater than papaverine greater than bufexamac greater than indomethacin greater than theophylline greater than p-biphenylylacetic acid greater than or less than glycyrrhetinic acid for inhibition of both PDE and mitosis. The disproportionately high antimitotic potency of puromycin relative to PDE inhibition was believed to reflect effects on protein biosynthesis.

Effects of reserpine, epidermal growth factor, and cyclic nucleotide modulators on epidermal mitosis.

The mouse ear G2 mitosis assay was modified for the screening of potential antimitotic agents. An inhibitory adrenergic influence, which maintains mitotic rate at a normally low level, was removed by pretreatment of mice with reserpine. This depletes endogenous catecholamines, produces a state of enhanced mitotic activity, and makes the epidermal cells particularly sensitive to mitotic inhibition by agents which elevate the levels of cyclic AMP.