[The functional state of the auditory analyzer in prematurely born infants (after 29 weeks of gestation) at 6 months of life].

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the functional state of the auditory analyzer in infants born prematurely (after 29 weeks of gestation) and examined at 6 months of life. The evoked otoacoustic emission (EOAE) techniques were used for the purpose. Testing with the help of two different modes of EOAE yielded virtually identical results which confirms the possibility to apply both delayed EOAE (dEOAE) and distortion-product frequency OAE (dpOAE) for the assessment of the auditory function.

[The functional state of the cochlea in premature infants born before 28 weeks gestation on the 6th month of life].

The objective of the present study was to assess the state of the peripheral portion of the auditory analyzer based on induced otoacoustic emissions (IOAEs), distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs), and delayed IOAEs (DIOAEs). The study included 31 premature infants born before 28 weeks gestation and examined later on the 6th month of postnatal life. All of them were shown to have the underdeveloped cochlea.

[Electrophysiological evaluation of the hearing function following cisplatin administration].

Experiments on guinea pigs with the use of electrophysiological methods (short-latency auditory evoked potentials, SLAEPs, and distortion product otoacoustic emission, DPOAE) have demonstrated damage of outer hair cells following application of therapeutic doses of cisplatin. It is concluded that finding of the logarithmic amplitude-time dependence for the first SLAEPs peak permits to diagnose an injury to outer hair cells.

[Difficulties and peculiarities of diagnosis of hearing disorders in premature infants with perinatal pathology].

Premature infants are highly vulnerable to developing various pathologies including eye and ear diseases; some of them are believed to be associated with specific individual features of gestation and labour course. The study included audiologic screening of 148 babies (296 ears) born prematurely during 24-37 weeks of pregnancy (delayed evoked otoacoustic emission was recorded at the distortion product frequency). For the purpose of dynamic evaluation of hearing ability, all the infants were divided into 3 groups depending on gestational age at birth; they were followed up throughout the first year of life.

[Dynamics of acoustic function maturation in premature neonates according to evoked distortion product otoacoustic emission].

Audiological screening by registration of delayed evoked distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOE) was made in 148 premature neonates (296 ears) born at gestation week 24-37. All the examinees were divided into three groups depending on the gestation term and were followed up for the first year of life. The results of the screening tests with reference to postconceptional and real age of premature infants are given.

[Delfa-311: a PC-based new generation audiometer].

A new generation audiometer is presented. It is based on personal computer and is furnished with software working as an audiometric complex. All kinds of behavioral audiometry is feasible for children and adults: tonal threshold and suprathreshold, play, speech and in a free sound field.

[The treatment of hypoacusis in children by using a pulsed low-frequency electromagnetic field].

The authors provide specifications of the unit INFITA supplied with ELEMAGS attachment of their own design; the technique of treating hypoacusis in children with utilization of impulse low-frequency electromagnetic field; the results of this treatment in 105 hypoacusis children. The method was found highly effective and valuable for wide practice.

[A trial of the use of finasteride and terazosin in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia].

94 patients with obstructive urination due to benign prostatic hyperplasia received finasteride (proscar), inhibitor of 5 alpha-reductase, in a single dose 5 mg and terazosine, alpha 1 adrenoblocker, in a daily dose of 9.7 mg/day. The follow-up averaged 16.

[ELEMAGS apparatus and clinical experience in its use in the treatment of children with hypoacusis and otalgia].

To enhance effectiveness of magnetotherapy in the treatment of otic diseases the authors propose to use impulse low-frequency electromagnetic field in combination with constant magnetic field. ELEMAGS equipment based on the above principles is introduced to treat cochlear neuritis and neurosensory hypoacusis in children.

[Improvement of hearing acuity using ergomyogenic blood autoserum].

Biological activity of ergomyogenic autoserum (EAS) is attributed to the presence of natural hormonal-neuropeptide complex. Its administration to 25 healthy volunteers and 20 patients with neurosensory hypoacusis stage I-II resulted in improvement of hearing acuity in all the subjects with normal hearing and in 75% of the patients. The autoserum usage instructions are provided.

[The prognosis and prevention of syncopal states and sudden death in patients with a complete atrioventricular block in disorders of permanent cardiac electrostimulation].

A total of 105 patients with implantable pacemakers were examined. Whether the pacemaker disconnection test can be used to predict syncopes in failure of permanent cardiac pacing was studied. The spontaneous ventricular activity was evaluated in 62 patients with acquired complete atrioventricular block (CAVB) and in 43 patients with artificial CAVB.

[The endoscopic transurethral treatment of ureterocele].

The authors describe results of transurethral endoscopic treatment of ureterocele in 61 patients, two techniques of a relevant operative intervention, indications, complications of an early (pyelonephritis) and late (vesicoureteral reflux) postoperative period, measures of their prevention. Advancing impairment of the urine outflow via the upper urinary tracts on ureterocele side necessitates earlier surgery (transurethral dissection or resection of ureterocele). Good 4-year follow-up results (normal function of the kidney, absence of pyelonephritis attacks and vesicoureteral reflux) suggest endoscopic transurethral treatment of ureterocele to be a method of choice the failure of which implies open surgical intervention.

[Erythrocyte Na+/Li+ countertransport and arterial hypertension: data of a cross-sectional population study].

The relation of red blood cell Na+/Li+ countertransport rate to the prevalence of arterial hypertension (AH) and blood pressure was evaluated in 720 individuals aged 23-60 years. In all age groups, the rate of red blood cell Na+/Li+ countertransport was significantly higher in males than in females. Age, alcohol use, obesity in males and age, obesity, and Na+/Li+ countertransport rate in females are factors that predispose to AH, as evidenced by multivariate logistic analysis.

[Evaluation of the effectiveness of the program of primary prevention of arterial hypertension at an industrial plant based on a prospective epidemiological study].

Whether the primary arterial hypertension prevention programme can be applied among employees of a Novosibirsk industrial enterprise within the framework of the second stage of the USSR Cooperative Study of Arterial Hypertension Control, is studied. For this, the authors used sodium-restricted diet concurrent with non-drug therapy (physio-, balneo-, reflexotherapy and acupuncture), and active sanitary education. The 2-year prospective follow-up showed a sufficiently high efficiency of health measures: the incidence of borderline hypertension was reduced by 10.

[Erythrocyte sodium-lithium countertransporter level as a risk factor of hypertension (prospective study data)].

A 3-year prospective study was undertaken to evaluate the relation of red blood cell Na+/Li+ countertransport rates to the incidence of arterial hypertension. A total of 227 subjects (males and females aged 24-54 years)--a 20% representative sample of organized population--was followed up. The annual incidence of arterial hypertension was 4.

[Equipment and possibilities of dynamic monitoring of arrhythmia during permanent electrocardiostimulation].

The APKA cardiocomplex was developed, which diagnoses short intermittent arrhythmias in patients with and without cardiocomplexes. The cardiocomplex may operate in inpatient conditions of the cardiosurgical and cardiological units which are engaged in cardiac rhythms and in outpatient conditions of the outpatient monitoring and functional diagnosis rooms.

[Physiologic electrostimulation of the heart ventricles in disorders of atrioventricular conduction].

Thirty-two patients with disturbed atrioventricular conduction underwent operation for continuous P-wave electrostimulation (ES) with implantation of Soviet-made serial KC-320 apparatuses by the myocardial (28 patients) and endocardial (4 patients) methods. The patients were examined in postoperative periods of 3 to 15 months. Stable bio-controlled ES with a good clinical result was recorded in 29 patients, dislocation of the atrial endocardial electrode--in one patient; the development of frequent paroxysms of atrial flutter-fibrillation made it necessary to change the ES regimen.

[A case of a iatrogenic defect of the tricuspid valve caused by endocardial electrodes].

One case of a rare complication of the permanent heart electrostimulation is observed among many patients treated with such method for many years. A 77-year-old man having a permanent electrostimulation during 13 years because of a complete atrioventricular heart blockade, developed a defect of the tricuspid valve resulting from two endocardial electrodes. Narrowing of the right atrioventricular aperture and a severe dilatation of the right atrium worsened the circulation deficiency.

[Clinical experience with the first 100 operations to implant programmed electrocardiostimulators].

The implantation of a home programmed device "ECS-500" was performed in 121 patients with different disturbances of the cardiac rhythm. Programmed ECSs were used in 103 patients with echocardiography and integral rheography. Seventy six patients were observed in terms from 2 months to 1.

[Methodological problems of evaluation of electrolyte intake in the clinical and population studies].

The paper deals with methodological problems of electrolyte intake in clinical and population-based studies. Marked inter- and intraindividual fluctuations were found to substantially affect the reliability of assessing the intake of electrolytes, which should be borne in mind in practice. Specifically, individual-based reliable characteristics of electrolyte intake (excretion) may be obtained after examining at least 8 daily urinary collections.

[A method for the surgical treatment of extended strictures of the anterior urethra].

The original one-staged technique was reported a success in two patients with long (8 and 10 cm) strictures of anterior urethra. In line with the dissection of stenosed parts and the following ureteroureteral anastomosis, a circular reduplication of tunica albuginea penis was made and invaginated in presence of intact spongy bodies. The given technique of urethroplasty (in patients with urethral stenosis from 3 to 10 cm) prevented penile distortion and anastomosis tension, and therefore the relapse of strictures and obliteration of urethra, as well as urinary fistula development.

Hypertension studies in the Soviet Union.

Arterial hypertension control trials conducted during the last decade in the Soviet Union are reviewed. Epidemiologic data illustrating a considerable prevalence of arterial hypertension in various regions are presented. The results of population hypertension control programs are discussed, and the feasibility of reducing total mortality in the intervention vs reference groups at the community level is demonstrated, with the mortality and morbidity due to stroke showing a two-fold decrease.

Medical efficacy of a cooperative prevention programme of arterial hypertension.

The study included 43,197 men aged 40-54 years, of whom 23,378 were in the intervention group and 19,819 in the comparison group; the number of man-years of follow-up totalled for the whole group 177,703. The study proved the efficacy of active, predominantly secondary prevention of arterial hypertension (AH), carried out in men aged 40-54 years over a period of 3-5 years in 12 centres within the framework of the cooperative programme. In comparison with the control group, the following changes were registered in the intervention group: 1) overall mortality decreased by 17.

[Integral assessment of cerebral hemodynamics normally, at a borderline level of arterial pressure and in arterial hypertension].

Cerebral circulation in relation to central hemodynamics was examined by means of rheoencephalography and chest rheography in 667 individuals with normal and elevated arterial blood pressure. Cardio-cerebral mechanisms are shown to be pathogenetically engaged since early stages of arterial hypertension. They are manifested as decreased cerebral stroke volume, smaller pulse inflow to cerebral arteries and increased vascular tonicity.