Empowering in-service nurses in management of viral hepatitis through Programmed Approach to Knowledge and Sensitization on Hepatitis (PRAKASH): An experience from a capacity building initiative.

Background: Nursing fraternity are at an increased risk of acquiring hepatitis B and hepatitis C infections mainly attributable to occupational risk and close contact with the patients while treatment. However, unawareness and negligence about the severity, mode of transmission and preventive measures about the disease can further predispose the nursing fraternity to a higher risk of infection. To overcome these lacunae in knowledge, a training program named Project PRAKASH was initiated for in-service nurses across the country.

Capacity building of healthcare workers: Key step towards elimination of viral hepatitis in developing countries.

Background: Lack of awareness about viral hepatitis (VH) potentially predisposes the healthcare workers (HCWs) to a higher risk of infection and may in turn increase the risk of transmission of the infection to their families and in the community. Thus, combating VH, requires adequate and updated training to the HCWs. With this objective, Project PRAKASH designed a meticulously planned training program, aimed to assess the effect of a one-day training on VH among in-service nurses.

Dioctophymiasis: A Rare Case Report.

Dioctophyma renale commonly known as "giant kidney worm' is found in the kidney of carnivorous mammals. Human infestation is rare, but results in destruction of the kidneys. Very few cases have been reported worldwide.

Accidental injection of 2% chlorhexidine gluconate instead of an anesthetic agent: A case report.

We report a case where 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) gluconate was mistaken for an anesthetic solution and infiltrated into the buccal vestibule during routine root canal treatment. Accidentally, 2% CHX gluconate solution was injected in the right upper buccal vestibule (16) of a 23-year-old male during routine root canal treatment. The patient experienced pain and a burning sensation over the injected area shortly after injection.

Pulmonary Infection by Blastoschizomyces capitatus in An old Tuberculosis Patient.

Blastoschizomyces capitatus is an arthrospore filamentous fungus. Lung infection by Blastoschizomyces can develop as an opportunistic infection in patients with underlying conditions especially when there is immunosuppression including neutropenia. However, it can occur in non-neutropenic patients with solid organ transplant and patients whose local pulmonary defenses are altered by chronic underlying lung pathology.

Balantidiosis: a rare accidental finding in the urine of a patient with acute renal failure.

Balantidium coli is the only ciliated protozoan which is known to infect human and nonhuman primates. Route of infection is faecal-oral route. It is actively motile and causes mostly asymptomatic infections, or it may develop dysentery which is similar to that which is caused by Entamoeba histolytica.