Exploring the role and inter-relationship among nitric oxide, opioids, and K channels in the signaling pathway underlying remote ischemic preconditioning induced cardioprotection in rats.

Objectives: This study explored the inter-relationship among nitric oxide, opioids, and KATP channels in the signaling pathway underlying remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) conferred cardioprotection.

Materials And Methods: Blood pressure cuff was placed around the hind limb of the animal and RIPC was performed by 4 cycles of inflation (5 min) followed by deflation (5 min). An ex vivo Langendorff's isolated rat heart model was used to induce ischemia (of 30 min duration)-reperfusion (of 120 min duration) injury.

Role of ATP-Sensitive Potassium Channels in Remote Ischemic Preconditioning Induced Tissue Protection.

Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) is an innovative treatment strategy that alleviates ischemia-reperfusion injury, whereby short episodes of regional ischemia and reperfusion delivered to remote organs including hind limb, kidney and intestine, and so on provide protection to the heart. The RIPC is known to reduce infarct size, serum levels of cardiac enzymes, and myocardial dysfunction in various animal species as well as in patients. There have been a large number of studies suggesting that the ATP-sensitive potassium channels (K channel) play a significant role as a mediator or end effector in RIPC.

Preconditioning at a distance: Involvement of endothelial vasoactive substances in cardioprotection against ischemia-reperfusion injury.

There is growing preclinical as well as clinical evidence supporting remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC), in which short cycles of non-fatal ischemia followed by reperfusion to an organ or tissue distant from the heart elicits cardioprotection. It is the most practical, non-invasive, cost-free, and clinically compatible, secure procedure for reducing ischemia-reperfusion induced injury. The use of a conventional blood pressure cuff on the upper or lower limb in eliciting cardioprotection has expedited its clinical applicability.