Public reporting in five health care areas: A comparative content analysis across nine countries.

Background: Public reporting is crucial to enhance transparency, accountability, and informed provider choice. Therefore, providing accessible and reliable information on provider performance and activities is key for all healthcare areas and the utilization of information by patients, providers and related audiences.

Objective: This study provides an extensive analysis of public reporting websites across nine high income countries, focusing on five healthcare areas, and aims to understand how these websites support patients in making informed choices about healthcare providers.

Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccination Is Associated With Reduced Outpatient Antibiotic Prescribing in Older Adults With Confirmed Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2: A Population-Wide Cohort Study.

Background: Antibiotics are frequently prescribed unnecessarily in outpatients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We sought to evaluate factors associated with antibiotic prescribing in outpatients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection.

Methods: We performed a population-wide cohort study of outpatients aged ≥66 years with polymerase chain reaction-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 from 1 January 2020 to 31 December 2021 in Ontario, Canada.

Antimicrobial resistance in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Frequent use of antibiotics in patients with COVID-19 threatens to exacerbate antimicrobial resistance. We aimed to establish the prevalence and predictors of bacterial infections and antimicrobial resistance in patients with COVID-19.

Methods: We did a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies of bacterial co-infections (identified within ≤48 h of presentation) and secondary infections (>48 h after presentation) in outpatients or hospitalised patients with COVID-19.

Comorbidity of Symptoms of Alcohol and Cannabis Use Disorders among a Population-Based Sample of Simultaneous Users. Insight from a Network Perspective.

Research into comorbidity of alcohol and cannabis use disorders has resulted in inconsistent findings, especially among simultaneous users, who used alcohol and cannabis together on a single occasion. This study investigated the association of alcohol and cannabis use disorders among simultaneous users using a network perspective, which considers direct relationships between symptoms. We used a subset of simultaneous alcohol and cannabis users driven from the representative population-based sample of young Swiss men cohort study on substance use risk factors (C-SURF) ( = 1559 at baseline and = 991 at follow-up).

Dehydration of subducting slow-spread oceanic lithosphere in the Lesser Antilles.

Subducting slabs carry water into the mantle and are a major gateway in the global geochemical water cycle. Fluid transport and release can be constrained with seismological data. Here we use joint active-source/local-earthquake seismic tomography to derive unprecedented constraints on multi-stage fluid release from subducting slow-spread oceanic lithosphere.

[CHARACTERISTICS OF THE REACTIONS OF THE SPLEEN LYMPHOID STRUCTURES IN MICE IN A TERRESTRIAL EXPERIMENT AND AFTER A PROLONGED SPACEFLIGHT].

Morphometric methods were used to examine the cell composition of the germinal centers of lymphoid nodules and periarteriolar lymphoid sheaths (PALS) in male C57/b16 mice aged 19-20 weeks after 30-day-long space flight, simulation of space flight factors in a terrestrial experiment and in vivarium control group. After a ground-based experiment, compared to vivarium control, the functional activity of morphological zone of T lymphocyte maturation was decreased in PALM. In the germinal centers of lymphoid nodules of mice subjected to a ground-based experiment, lymphocytopoiesis and cell blast transformation, that characterize the morpho-functional activity of this zone and humoral immunity, remained unchanged.

[Esophageal wall structure in people of elderly and senile age].

Using histological methods, the esophageal wall structure and the cytoarchitectonics of mucous membrane were studied in the individuals of elderly (n = 5) and senile (n = 10) age. The control group included the individuals of I (n = 3) and II (n = 3) periods of mature age. It was demonstrated that with advancing age in most cases the destructive processes took place in the epithelium (delamination of the layer, separation of large fragments, formation of microerosions etc.

[Structural organization of the duodenal wall and its lymphoid tissue in the persons of elderly age].

Structural organization of the duodenal wall was studied in older men (aged 70-75 years, n=15), and its lymphoid tissue was examined using the qualitative and quantitative analysis. Deformation, flattening and sparseness of the intestinal villi were identified. Atrophic phenomena in the organ mucous membrane were accompanied by the destruction of the cells of surface epithelium, crypts and glands.

[Morphological peculiarities of interrelations of lymphoid nodules, lymphatic capillaries and lymphocyte migration in the wall of intestine and trachea].

The objective of this study was to identify the peculiarities of lymphocyte migration in lymphoid nodules of the mucous membrane of the caecum and the trachea in autopsy material, obtained from 25 healthy individuals of various ages (from the newborns to the persons of 1st mature age). Also, the tendinous center of diaphragm was studied in 10 healthy rabbits. Using histological methods, the presence of two functionally different types of lymphatic capillaries in the wall of the caecum was demonstrated.

Safety and efficacy of ticagrelor for neuroendovascular procedures. A single center initial experience.

Introduction: Although platelet response testing is controversial, up to one-third of neuroendovascular patients are 'resistant' to clopidogrel and are at risk for in stent thrombotic complications and may require alternative antiplatelet therapy. Ticagrelor is a new reversible ADP P2Y12 platelet receptor inhibitor with no known resistance. We describe the clinical experience with ticagrelor for neuroendovascular procedures as an alternative in clopidogrel P2Y12 platelet resistant patients.

[Splenic lymphoid structures reorganization in gerbils after space flight].

To assess the effects of weightlessness on the organism of mammals, splenic lymphoid tissue was studied in 10 intact Mongolian gerbils and in 10 animals after a 12-days-long spaceflight. In experimental animals the body mass and splenic, thymic and adrenal mass indexes were sharply reduced. In the spleen, the red pulp area was significantly increased, there appeared the areas of fibrous tissue proliferation, and extensive hemorrhage.

Family beyond parents? An exploration of family configurations and psychological adjustment in young adults with intellectual disabilities.

This research explores the family configurations of young adults with intellectual disability. Based on a sample of 40 individuals interviewed two times in a year, we found as many as four types of family configurations, with distinct compositions, and different types of social capital. This diversity is not without consequences for individual psychological adjustment.

Structure of gastric wall in wistar rats in health and after experimental traumatic brain injury.

The structure of gastric wall was studied by histological methods in Wistar rats in health and after skull trephination and insertion of a needle into the brain. Experimental brain injury led to the development of destructive changes in the gastric wall (in the lymphoid structures located between the gland bottoms and muscle plate of the mucosa). Changes in the structure of cardiac glands and desquamation of the epithelium were detected.

Cellular composition of the thymus in Wistar rats in experimental intracerebral hemorrhage.

The time course of changes in cellular composition of the thymus after experimental intracerebral hemorrhage was studied in rats with various prognostic resistance to emotional stress. Increased migration of T lymphocyte precursors to the subcapsular zone, activation of T lymphocyte differentiation in the thymus, reduced number of mitotic cells, destruction and intensive migration of thymocytes from the thymus were observed. The severity of changes in cell composition in all layers of the thymus after experimental intracerebral hemorrhage was different in rats resistant and predisposed to emotional stress.

[Age-related dynamics of morphofunctional state of the lymphoid tissue in the wall of human ureter].

Cellular composition of the lymphoid tissue in the ureteral epithelium and lamina propria was studied morphometrically in human postnatal ontogenesis using autopsy material obtained from 32 males of different age (from the neonatal period to the II period of mature age). Lymphoid tissue was found to be weakly developed in the ureteral wall during the studied period of human life. Processes of lymphocytopoiesis were not expressed, while there was high activity of cellular destruction.

Pluralized life courses? An exploration of the life trajectories of individuals with psychiatric disorders.

Background: Most of the existing research relating to the life courses of people with psychiatric symptoms focuses on the occurrence and the impact of non-normative events on the onsets of crises; it usually disregards the more regular dimensions of life, such as work, family and intimate partnerships that may be related to the timing and seriousness of psychiatric problems. An additional reason for empirically addressing life trajectories of individuals with psychiatric problems relates to recent changes of family and occupational trajectories in relation to societal trends such as individualization and pluralization of life courses.

Aim: This paper explores the life trajectories of 86 individuals under clinical supervision and proposes a typology of their occupational, co-residence and intimacy trajectories.

[Cellular composition of the lamina propria mucous membrane in different segments of ureter in the newborns and children of first years of life].

Cellular composition of the lymphoid tissue in the superior and inferior segments of ureteral mucous membrane was studied using quantitative method in newborns, infants and children of the first years of life on autopsy material (n=12). It was found that during the first years of life lymphoid tissue was poorly developed in the lamina propria of the ureteral mucous membrane and it was represented by diffuse lymphoid tissue. Processes of lymphocytopoiesis were not expressed, while high degree of cell destruction was observed that was increased with age.

[Morphological characteristics of the Wistar rat thymus in experimental intracerebral hemorrhage].

The purpose of the present investigation was to study thymus structure in 108 Wistar rats possessing different prognostic resistance to an emotional stress under the conditions of experimentally modeled intracerebral hemorrhage. It was demonstrated that after the intracerebral hemorrhage, the thymus underwent changes that were associated with both the stereotyped response to stress and the development of an immune response against the damaged brain tissue: relative thymus mass and the cortico-medullary index were shown to decrease, while the volumetric fractions of the capsule and connective tissue septa were increased. The reaction of the vascular bed included stasis, diapedesis and perivascular edema.

[The new method of the blood loss evaluation].

The quantification of the acute blood loss remains to be the crucial task of the emergency aid. There is no satisfactory and practically suitable method of the blood loss measurement to present day. The original method is based on the electrolyte blood characteristics' measurement.

[Immune mechanisms in the development of hemorrhagic stroke].

The role played by immune mechanisms in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) was evaluated based on the studies of thymus structure and cell composition in rats showing different degree of tolerance to emotional stress. A new experimental ICH model is proposed. It is concluded that both stereotype and autoimmune mechanisms are involved in the development of ICH.