Clinical Results of a Trifocal Toric Intraocular Lens Using the Holladay Total Surgically Induced Astigmatism Formula for Correcting Low Corneal Astigmatism in Japanese Patients.

Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the AcrySof IQ PanOptix toric intraocular lens (IOL) with cylinder power of 1.0 D (TFNT20) in a Japanese population with low corneal astigmatism and compare with historical control data for nontoric IOLs.

Setting: Tokyo Dental College Suidobashi Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.

Temperature-controlled porcine eye holder for observing intraocular temperature during cataract surgery.

During cataract surgery, the intraocular temperature changes when irrigating low-temperature fluid and ophthalmic viscosurgical devices (OVDs) are inserted in the anterior chamber, and such a temperature variation affects the unfolding of the intraocular lens (IOL). A porcine eye holder was developed for simulating temperature conditions in clinical surgery by maintaining the ocular temperature close to the body temperature. An aluminum holder was designed to fit porcine eyes and maintain the ocular temperature at approximately 36 °C, while surgery was performed at a room temperature of 20 °C.

Efficacy of Femtosecond Laser-Assisted Capsulotomy: Experimental Evaluation Using the Zonular Dehiscence Model.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate experimentally the efficacy of femtosecond laser (FL)-assisted capsulotomy using an eye model with different degrees of zonular dehiscence (ZD).

Methods: An eye model with ZD was created by removing the total iris and including the planned range of the ZD in porcine and human cadaver eyes. FL-assisted capsulotomies (laser group) and manual capsulotomies (manual group) were created for the eye model with 0, 45, 135, 180, and 270 degrees of ZD.

Evaluation of Lens Capsule Stability Using Capsular Tension Ring, Iris Retractor, and Capsule Expander Using a Porcine Model With Zonular Dehiscence.

Purpose: We evaluate the efficacy of capsular tension rings (CTRs), iris retractors (IRs), and capsule expanders (CEs) in stabilizing the lens capsule under different degrees of zonular dehiscence using a porcine model.

Methods: We developed an experimental model that can be used to observe the dynamics of lens capsules with different degrees of zonular dehiscence during phacoemulsification and aspiration (PEA). PEA was performed without any aid (control) and with devices.

Functional Role of Lacrimal Gland Fibroblasts in a Mouse Model of Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease.

Purpose: This study aimed to clarify the mechanisms and assess the characteristics of the chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) fibrosis in the lacrimal gland (LG) of mice.

Methods: Histopathology of LG tissues was examined by immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. Cultured fibroblasts derived from the LG were analyzed by phase-contrast microscopy, immunocytochemistry, flow cytometry, proliferation assay, and invasion and migration assays.

Objective classification of zonular weakness based on lens movement at the start of capsulorhexis.

Purpose: To quantify zonular weakness based on lens movement at the start of continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis (CCC) and establish a classification system for it.

Setting: Kozawa Eye Hospital and Diabetes Center, Mito, Japan.

Design: Retrospective interventional case series.

Safety and Efficacy of Two Trabecular Micro-Bypass Stents as the Sole Procedure in Japanese Patients with Medically Uncontrolled Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma: A Pilot Case Series.

. To evaluate efficacy and safety of a trabecular micro-bypass stent system when used as the sole procedure in Japanese patients with medically uncontrolled primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). .

MHC-compatible bone marrow stromal/stem cells trigger fibrosis by activating host T cells in a scleroderma mouse model.

Fibrosis of organs is observed in systemic autoimmune disease. Using a scleroderma mouse, we show that transplantation of MHC compatible, minor antigen mismatched bone marrow stromal/stem cells (BMSCs) play a role in the pathogenesis of fibrosis. Removal of donor BMSCs rescued mice from disease.

Tissue Renin-Angiotensin System in Lacrimal Gland Fibrosis in a Murine Model of Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease.

Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) is a serious complication known to occur after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Clinical manifestation includes inflammation and fibrosis. Many peripheral tissues are capable of generating the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) components, called the tissue RAS, and have various roles in tissue-specific physiological and pathological functions of inflammation and fibrosis.

Long-term rebamipide and diquafosol in two cases of immune-mediated dry eye.

Purpose: Two new drugs with mucin-inducing and secretion-promotive effects, rebamipide and diquafosol, were recently approved as topical dry-eye treatments. We report two cases in which the long-term use of mucin-inducing eye drops improved chronic ocular graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD)-related dry eye and ocular cicatricial pemphigoid (OCP)-like disease.

Case Reports: Case 1.

Possible involvement of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in fibrosis associated with IgG4-related Mikulicz's disease.

Objective: Immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-related Mikulicz's disease (MD) is a fibrosis-associated inflammatory disease, often accompanied by lacrimal gland swelling. Although much attention has been paid to the inflammatory aspects of this disease, the mechanisms of the fibrotic processes are still unclear. We focused on the fibrotic changes occurring in the lacrimal glands of IgG4-related MD patients, by examining molecules involved in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT).

Grading criteria for chronic ocular graft-versus-host disease: comparing the NIH eye score, Japanese dry eye score, and DEWS 2007 score.

Ocular graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a common complication after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Here we compared the diagnostic rates of ocular GVHD, including its severity, prognosis and the agreement, obtained using three grading scales: the National Institutes of Health (NIH) eye score, Japanese dry eye score, and dry eye workshop score, by retrospectively reviewing the records of 82 patients who underwent HSCT. Tear dynamics and ocular surface assessments made 6-9 months after HSCT were used to determine ocular GVHD severity with the three scales.

Angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist attenuates lacrimal gland, lung, and liver fibrosis in a murine model of chronic graft-versus-host disease.

Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD), a serious complication following allogeneic HSCT (hematopoietic stem cell transplantation), is characterized by systemic fibrosis. The tissue renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is involved in the fibrotic pathogenesis, and an angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) antagonist can attenuate fibrosis. Tissue RAS is present in the lacrimal gland, lung, and liver, and is known to be involved in the fibrotic pathogenesis of the lung and liver.

Presence and physiologic function of the renin-angiotensin system in mouse lacrimal gland.

Purpose: To investigate the expression, localization, and physiologic function of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) components in the mouse lacrimal gland.

Methods: Lacrimal glands and cultured lacrimal gland fibroblasts from wild-type (WT) BALB/c (H-2(d)) mice were used. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry were used to determine the expression and localization of the RAS components, prorenin/renin, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensin II, angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R), and angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R) in the normal mouse lacrimal gland.

Morphologic evaluation of meibomian glands in chronic graft-versus-host disease using in vivo laser confocal microscopy.

Purpose: To evaluate the morphological changes of the meibomian glands (MGs) using in vivo laser confocal microscopy (CM) in dry eye (DE) patients with chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD).

Methods: Seventeen eyes from 9 patients with a diagnosis of DE associated with cGVHD (DE/cGVHD group; 6 males, 3 females; median 50.5 years) and 16 eyes of 8 hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) recipients without DE (non-DE/non-cGVHD group; 5 males, 3 females; median 47.

Repositioning and scleral fixation of subluxated lenses using a T-shaped capsule stabilization hook.

We describe a T-shaped capsule stabilization hook (modified capsule expander [M-CE]) used for repositioning and scleral fixation of the lens capsule of subluxated lenses. The 5-0 polypropylene device is flexible and attached to a curved needle. The contact portion is bent at 1.

Foldable acrylic intraocular lens with distended haptics for transscleral fixation.

We describe a foldable acrylic intraocular lens (IOL) with distended haptics suitable for transscleral fixation and the insertion procedure. The IOL has an acrylic optic and poly(methyl methacrylate) haptics with a microscopic indentation 1.3 mm from the tip.

Impact of transgenic overexpression of SH2-containing inositol 5'-phosphatase 2 on glucose metabolism and insulin signaling in mice.

SH2-containing inositol 5'-phosphatase 2 (SHIP2) is a 5'-lipid phosphatase hydrolyzing the phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase product PI(3,4,5)P(3) to PI(3,4)P(2) in the regulation of insulin signaling, and is shown to be increased in peripheral tissues of diabetic C57BL/KSJ-db/db mice. To clarify the impact of SHIP2 in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance with type 2 diabetes, we generated transgenic mice overexpressing SHIP2. The body weight of transgenic mice increased by 5.

Impact of SRC homology 2-containing inositol 5'-phosphatase 2 gene polymorphisms detected in a Japanese population on insulin signaling.

Src homology 2-containing 5'-inositol phosphatase 2 (SHIP2) is known to be one of lipid phosphatases converting PI(3,4,5)P3 to PI(3,4)P2 in the negative regulation of insulin signaling with the fundamental impact on the state of insulin resistance. To clarify the possible involvement of SHIP2 in the pathogenesis of human type 2 diabetes, we examined the relation of human SHIP2 gene polymorphisms to type 2 diabetes in a Japanese population. We identified 10 polymorphisms including four missense mutations.

Association of the polymorphisms in the 5'-untranslated region of PTEN gene with type 2 diabetes in a Japanese population.

Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) is known to act as a lipid phosphatase hydrolyzing phosphatidylinositol (PI)(3,4,5)P(3) to PI(4,5)P(2). Since the PI3-kinase product, PI(3,4,5)P(3), is an important second messenger leading to the metabolic action of insulin, PTEN functions as a potent negative regulator of insulin signaling and its gene is one of the possible candidates involved in susceptibility to the development of type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes. In the present study, we investigated the polymorphisms of the PTEN gene in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes and non-diabetic control subjects.