Smaller CO2 injection volume and lower gastric pressure induce bothersome symptoms in drug-resistant functional dyspepsia patients with less frequent belching.

Background: The relationship between bothersome symptoms and gastric pressure or CO2 injection volumes in drug-resistant functional dyspepsia (FD) patients remains unknown; therefore, this relationship was examined in drug-resistant FD and non-FD patients.

Methods: Thirty drug-resistant FD patients and 30 non-FD patients were recruited. Gastric pressure was assessed using an external pressure transducer, and the CO2 injection volume was measured using an endoscopic CO2-supplied device and flow meter.

New endoscopic method for gastric hypersensitivity testing: Pilot study.

Background And Aim: Although one of the causes of dyspeptic symptoms in functional dyspepsia patients is gastric hypersensitivity, there is currently no routine endoscopic gastric hypersensitivity test. We developed a new endoscopic method for gastric hypersensitivity testing. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether this method is useful for evaluating gastric hypersensitivity in drug-resistant functional dyspepsia patients who were strongly suspected of having gastric hypersensitivity.

Synthesis of lipid A type carboxymethyl derivatives with ether chains instead of ester chains and their LPS-antagonistic activities.

Synthesis of lipid A type carboxymethyl derivatives having ether chains at both the C-3 and C-3' positions and their LPS-antagonistic activities toward human U937 cells are described.