Use of the Minimum Basic Data Set as a tool for the epidemiological surveillance of mesothelioma.

Background: Mesothelioma is a very aggressive tumor that appears after several decades of asbestos exposure. The Minimum Basic Data Set (MBDS) has been validated for the incidence of mesothelioma in Italy, but not in Spain. The objectives of this investigation are: to estimate the prevalence, incidence and mortality of mesothelioma in the Community of Madrid (CM); to evaluate the distribution of this risk within the territory; and to explore validity of the MBDS in the epidemiological surveillance of mesothelioma.

Follow-Up Study Confirms the Presence of Gastric Cancer DNA Methylation Hallmarks in High-Risk Precursor Lesions.

To adopt prevention strategies in gastric cancer, it is imperative to develop robust biomarkers with acceptable costs and feasibility in clinical practice to stratified populations according to risk scores. With this aim, we applied an unbiased genome-wide CpG methylation approach to a discovery cohort composed of gastric cancer ( = 24), and non-malignant precursor lesions ( = 64). Then, candidate-methylation approaches were performed in a validation cohort of precursor lesions obtained from an observational longitudinal study ( = 264), with a 12-year follow-up to identify repression or progression cases.

Quality in diagnostic upper gastrointestinal endoscopy for the detection and surveillance of gastric cancer precursor lesions: Position paper of AEG, SEED and SEAP.

This position paper, sponsored by the Asociación Española de Gastroenterología [Spanish Association of Gastroenterology], the Sociedad Española de Endoscopia Digestiva [Spanish Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Society] and the Sociedad Española de Anatomía Patológica [Spanish Anatomical Pathology Society], aims to establish recommendations for performing an high quality upper gastrointestinal endoscopy for the screening of gastric cancer precursor lesions (GCPL) in low-incidence populations, such as the Spanish population. To establish the quality of the evidence and the levels of recommendation, we used the methodology based on the GRADE system (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation). We obtained a consensus among experts using a Delphi method.

Approximate Bayesian inference for multivariate point pattern analysis in disease mapping.

We present a novel approach for analysing multivariate case-control georeferenced data in a Bayesian disease mapping context using stochastic partial differential equations (SPDEs) and the integrated nested Laplace approximation (INLA) for model fitting. In particular, we propose smooth terms based on SPDE models to estimate the underlying spatial variation as well as risk associated to pollution sources. Log-Gaussian Cox processes are used to estimate the intensity of the cases and controls, to account for risk factors and include a term to measure spatial residual variation.

Gastric cancer screening in low incidence populations: Position statement of AEG, SEED and SEAP.

This positioning document, sponsored by the Asociación Española de Gastroenterología, the Sociedad Española de Endoscopia Digestiva and the Sociedad Española de Anatomía Patológica, aims to establish recommendations for the screening of gastric cancer (GC) in low incidence populations, such as the Spanish. To establish the quality of the evidence and the levels of recommendation, we used the methodology based on the GRADE system (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation). We obtained a consensus among experts using a Delphi method.

Geographic study of mortality due to mesothelioma in Peru and its evolution.

Background: Peru has a public health problem because of asbestos imports. We analyzed the mortality trends for mesothelioma in Peru and its provinces from 2005 to 2014 and estimated their relationship with the amount of asbestos imported previously.

Methods: We computed age-standardized mortality rates (ASMRs) per 100,000 population (direct method and SEGI world standard population reference), and the standardized mortality ratio (SMR).

Advanced-stage mycosis fungoides: role of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, nuclear factor-κB and nuclear factor of activated T cells pathways.

Background: The malignant mechanisms that control the development of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) are beginning to be identified. Recent evidence suggests that disturbances in specific intracellular signalling pathways, such as RAS-mitogen-activated protein kinase, T-cell receptor (TCR)-phospholipase C gamma 1 (PLCG1)-nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) and Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT), may play an essential role in the pathogenesis of CTCL.

Objectives: To investigate the mechanisms controlling disease development and progression in mycosis fungoides (MF), the most common form of CTCL.

Genetic variation analysis in a follow-up study of gastric cancer precursor lesions confirms the association of MUC2 variants with the evolution of the lesions and identifies a significant association with NFKB1 and CD14.

Gastric carcinogenesis proceeds through a series of gastric cancer precursor lesions (GCPLs) leading to gastric cancer (GC) development. Although Helicobacter pylori infection initiates this process, genetic factors also play a role. We previously reported that genetic variability in MUC2 is associated with the evolution of GCPLs.

Detection of spatial aggregation of cases of cancer from data on patients and health centres contained in the Minimum Basic Data Set.

The feasibility of the Minimum Basic Data Set (MBDS) as a tool in cancer research was explored monitoring its incidence through the detection of spatial clusters. Case-control studies based on MBDS and marked point process were carried out with the focus on the residence of patients from the Prince of Asturias University Hospital in Alcalá de Henares (Madrid, Spain). Patients older than 39 years with diagnoses of stomach, colorectal, lung, breast, prostate, bladder and kidney cancer, melanoma and haematological tumours were selected.

Gene expression study and pathway analysis of histological subtypes of intestinal metaplasia that progress to gastric cancer.

Background: Intestinal metaplasia (IM) is a precursor lesion that precedes gastric cancer (GC). There are two IM histological subtypes, complete (CIM) and incomplete (IIM), the latter having higher progression rates to GC. This study was aimed at analysing gene expression and molecular processes involved in the progression from normal mucosa to IM, and also from IM subtypes to GC.

The Minimum Basic Data Set (MBDS) as a tool for cancer epidemiological surveillance.

Objective: This work aims to evaluate the Minimum Basic Data Set (MBDS) as a data source in the detection of malignant tumors and explore its usefulness as a tool for epidemiological surveillance of cancer.

Materials And Methods: MBDS hospital data discharge from Prince of Asturias University Hospital (HUPA, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain) and cancer cases recorded in the Hospital Cancer Registry (HCR) have been collected for the period between January 2012 and June 2014. Both databases have been linked by the number of clinical history.

SCHLAFEN 5 expression correlates with intestinal metaplasia that progresses to gastric cancer.

Background: Intestinal metaplasia (IM) is a gastric cancer precursor lesion (GCPL) and an extremely high risk factor for progression to gastric cancer (GC). Clinical guidelines recommend that patients with extensive IM undergo a gastroscopy every 3 years. However, protein biomarkers that indicate a transition from IM to GC are lacking.

Incomplete type of intestinal metaplasia has the highest risk to progress to gastric cancer: results of the Spanish follow-up multicenter study.

Background And Aim: In high or moderate risk populations, periodic surveillance of patients at risk of progression from gastric precursor lesions (PL) to gastric cancer (GC) is the most effective strategy for reducing the burden of GC. Incomplete type of intestinal metaplasia (IIM) may be considered as the best candidate, but it is still controversial and more research is needed. To further assess the progression of subtypes of IM as predictors of GC occurrence.

Discrete domains of gene expression in germinal layers distinguish the development of gyrencephaly.

Gyrencephalic species develop folds in the cerebral cortex in a stereotypic manner, but the genetic mechanisms underlying this patterning process are unknown. We present a large-scale transcriptomic analysis of individual germinal layers in the developing cortex of the gyrencephalic ferret, comparing between regions prospective of fold and fissure. We find unique transcriptional signatures in each germinal compartment, where thousands of genes are differentially expressed between regions, including ~80% of genes mutated in human cortical malformations.

Utility of subtyping intestinal metaplasia as marker of gastric cancer risk. A review of the evidence.

The identification and surveillance of patients with preneoplastic lesions at high risk of progressing to gastric cancer (GC) represents the most effective way of reducing the burden of GC. The incomplete type of intestinal metaplasia (IM) could be considered as the best candidate for surveillance. However, the usefulness of subtyping of IM has been considered by some authors as limited and inconsistent.

Oligomers of β-amyloid protein (Aβ1-42) induce the activation of cyclooxygenase-2 in astrocytes via an interaction with interleukin-1β, tumour necrosis factor-α, and a nuclear factor κ-B mechanism in the rat brain.

Despite growing evidence indicating the effects of cytokines, including interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNFα), and the enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in Alzheimer's diseases, little is known about the signalling mechanisms that mediate its activation in response to beta-amyloid protein (Aβ). The aim of this study was first to investigate whether Aβ1-42 peptide induced the up-regulation of COX-2. We then examined the expression of COX-2 and cytokines, such as IL-1β and TNFα, in reactive astrocytes.

Genetic variation in MUC1, MUC2 and MUC6 genes and evolution of gastric cancer precursor lesions in a long-term follow-up in a high-risk area in Spain.

In order to assess whether inherited genetic variability in the mucin genes associates with the evolution of gastric cancer precursor lesions (GCPLs), we genotyped 22 tagSNPs in MUC1, MUC6 and MUC2 genes of 387 patients with GCPLs that had been followed up for 12.8 years. According to the diagnosis at recruitment and at the end of follow-up, the lesions did not change in 43.

Helicobacter pylori cagA and vacA genotypes as predictors of progression of gastric preneoplastic lesions: a long-term follow-up in a high-risk area in Spain.

Objectives: There are no established predictive markers of progression of gastric preneoplastic lesions. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between Helicobacter pylori cagA and vacA genotypes and progression of gastric preneoplastic lesions.

Methods: This was a follow-up study that carried out in a province of Spain with a high risk of gastric cancer.

Gastric cancer occurrence in preneoplastic lesions: a long-term follow-up in a high-risk area in Spain.

There are no established criteria to classify patients into high or low risk of progressing to gastric cancer (GC). The aim of the study was to identify predictors of GC occurrence among patients with gastric preneoplastic lesions. A prospective and retrospective follow-up study was carried out in a province in Spain with one of the highest risk of GC.

Soluble oligomeric forms of beta-amyloid (Abeta) peptide stimulate Abeta production via astrogliosis in the rat brain.

The aim of this study was to investigate the interaction between beta-amyloid (Abeta) peptide and astrogliosis in early stages of Abeta toxicity. In Wistar rats, anaesthetised with equitesine, a single microinjection of Abeta1-42 oligomers was placed into the retrosplenial cortex. Control animals were injected with Abeta42-1 peptide into the corresponding regions of cerebral cortex.

Beta-amyloid peptide-induced modifications in alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor immunoreactivity in the hippocampus of the rat: relationship with GABAergic and calcium-binding proteins perikarya.

The effects of the injected beta-amyloid (Abeta) protein on the alpha7 subtype of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor protein (alpha7nAChR) in the hippocampus were studied in rats. Injections of Abeta into the retrosplenial cortex resulted in a decrease in alpha7nAChR-immunoreactivity in the hippocampus. Quantitative analysis revealed a significant reduction in alpha7nAChR-immunoreactivity in the dorsal part of the CA1 ipsilateral to the Abeta-injected side as compared to the corresponding hemisphere of non-treated control animals and with that seen in the contralateral hemisphere, which corresponds to the control (PBS)-injected side.

Effects of beta-amyloid protein on M1 and M2 subtypes of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in the medial septum-diagonal band complex of the rat: relationship with cholinergic, GABAergic, and calcium-binding protein perikarya.

Cortical cholinergic dysfunction has been correlated with the expression and processing of beta-amyloid precursor protein. However, it remains unclear as to how cholinergic dysfunction and beta-amyloid (Abeta) formation and deposition might be related to one another. Since the M1- and M2 subtypes of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) are considered key molecules that transduce the cholinergic message, the purpose of the present study was to assess the effects of the injected Abeta peptide on the number of M1mAchR- and M2mAChR-immunoreactive cells in the medial septum-diagonal band (MS-nDBB) complex of the rat.

Effects of beta-amyloid protein on serotoninergic, noradrenergic, and cholinergic markers in neurons of the pontomesencephalic tegmentum in the rat.

The effects on serotoninergic, noradrenergic and cholinergic markers on neurons of the pontomesencephalic tegmentum nuclei were studied in rats following local administration of fibrillar beta-amyloid peptide (Abeta1-40) into the left retrosplenial cortex. Focal deposition of Abeta in the retrosplenial cortex resulted in a loss of serotoninergic neurons in the dorsal and median raphe nuclei. The dorsal raphe nucleus showed a statistically significant reduction of 31.

Consumption of wine stored in leather wine bottles and incidence of gastric cancer.

The authors conducted a survey among participants of a large-scale case-control study to evaluate a possible association between consumption of wine in leather bottles and incidence of gastric cancer. There were 59 cases and 53 controls in the study. The results suggest that some of the components of the complex mixture (i.