Automated tuning of a ring-assisted MZI-based interleaver for Kerr frequency combs.

We demonstrate a compact ring-assisted Mach-Zehnder interferometer (RAMZI)-based silicon photonic interleaver with a 400 GHz free spectral range (FSR), featuring flat passbands exceeding a spectral range of 50 nm. Additionally, we introduce a novel, to the best of our knowledge, add-on structure and tuning method enabling automated compensation for fabrication imperfections, precise shaping of the RAMZI flat-top passbands, and alignment with Kerr comb lines. Experimental results have shown successful interleaving of eight channels of distributed-feedback (DFB) lasers as well as a 200 GHz Kerr comb, both achieving an extinction ratio of approximately 20 dB.

Pediatric to Adult Care Transition in the Hospital Context (PATCH) Tool: A Novel Tool to Assess Pediatric Institutional Guidelines for Inpatient Care of Adults.

Objective: The growing number of adults with childhood onset chronic conditions (COCC) is reflected in the increase of adult-aged admissions to pediatric institutions. Despite national bodies advising pediatric institutions to have a pediatric to adult health care transition (HCT) policy, little guidance is available on if or how to include inpatient care. We sought to create a framework-based Pediatric to Adult Transitional Care in the Hospital Context (PATCH) tool to assess how inpatient care of adults is addressed in pediatric institutional guidelines or policies (hereafter guidelines) as a first step towards informing future PATCH guideline development.

The role of glucagon-like peptides in osteosarcopenia.

Various metabolic abnormalities, including obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, dyslipidemia, hyperthyroidism and low vitamin D levels, have been linked to both osteopenia and sarcopenia. Osteosarcopenia is also commonly observed in older age groups, notably in postmenopausal women. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), a labile incretin secreted from the intestinal L-cells, stimulates insulin secretion and sensitivity, making it an effective anti-diabetic medication.

Flaviviruses induce ER-specific remodelling of protein synthesis.

Flaviviruses orchestrate a unique remodelling of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to facilitate translation and processing of their polyprotein, giving rise to virus replication compartments. While the signal recognition particle (SRP)-dependent pathway is the canonical route for ER-targeting of nascent cellular membrane proteins, it is unknown whether flaviviruses rely on this mechanism. Here we show that Zika virus bypasses the SRP receptor via extensive interactions between the viral non-structural proteins and the host translational machinery.

Cultural Perspective on Emotional Intelligence and Behaviour Patterns Among Adolescents in Gujarat and Maharashtra.

Background: Understanding the complex interplay between emotional intelligence and behaviour patterns among adolescents holds a pivotal role in shaping their developmental trajectories and overall well-being. Adolescence, marked by rapid physical, emotional and cognitive changes, is a critical phase where emotional skills and behavioural tendencies are particularly malleable.

Purpose: The study investigates the interplay between emotional intelligence and behaviour patterns among adolescents in Gujarat and Maharashtra, India.

Large atypical parathyroid tumor - a diagnostic conundrum.

Atypical parathyroid tumor (APT) is a rare neoplasm of the parathyroid gland, which shows atypical cytological or architectural features and lacks definite diagnosis criteria for malignancy. These cases can cause diagnostic challenges owing to their rarity and similarity with thyroid neoplasm on imaging and fine needle aspiration cytology. Also, differentiating APT from giant parathyroid adenoma or parathyroid carcinoma can be challenging based on clinical, imaging or cytological features.

Tapasin assembly surveillance by the RNF185/Membralin ubiquitin ligase complex regulates MHC-I surface expression.

Immune surveillance by cytotoxic T cells eliminates tumor cells and cells infected by intracellular pathogens. This process relies on the presentation of antigenic peptides by Major Histocompatibility Complex class I (MHC-I) at the cell surface. The loading of these peptides onto MHC-I depends on the peptide loading complex (PLC) at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).

Author Correction: PARP14 and PARP9/DTX3L regulate interferon-induced ADP-ribosylation.

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Target and Gene-Based Therapeutic Strategies against Pancreatic Cancer: Current and Future Prospects.

Despite tremendous advancements in knowledge, diagnosis, and availability of both traditional and innovative treatments, pancreatic cancer remains a dangerous disease with a high death rate and dismal prognosis. The traditional strategy in adjuvant and palliative settings is still cytotoxic chemotherapy predicated on the purine derivative gemcitabine; nevertheless, there is an increasing need for new medicines that target the primary molecular pathways and pathophysiological abnormalities implicated. There is now just a tiny amount of evidence of therapeutic benefit when the targeted drug erlotinib is added to the conventional gemcitabine treatment.

Positive-strand RNA virus replication organelles at a glance.

Membrane-bound replication organelles (ROs) are a unifying feature among diverse positive-strand RNA viruses. These compartments, formed as alterations of various host organelles, provide a protective niche for viral genome replication. Some ROs are characterised by a membrane-spanning pore formed by viral proteins.

Pathophysiological and Clinical Potential of Human Microbiome: Microbe-based Therapeutic Insights.

The human microbiota represents the community and diverse population of microbes within the human body, which comprises approximately 100 trillion micro-organisms. They exist in the human gastrointestinal tract and various other organs and are now considered virtual body organs. It is mainly represented by bacteria but also includes viruses, fungi, and protozoa.

Posterior Fossa Craniopharyngioma Arising from the Inferior Medullary Velum.

We report the case of a 63-year-old man with a midline posterior fossa tumor and peculiar imaging features where we were unsure of the nature of the lesion preoperatively. Histopathology revealed it to be a craniopharyngioma. It appeared to arise from the inferior medullary velum, a site not described before in the literature.

Metabolic Monitoring for Children and Adolescents Prescribed Second-Generation Antipsychotics: A Qualitative Study with Child Psychiatrists.

Professional guidelines recommend that providers routinely monitor children prescribed second-generation antipsychotics (SGA) to reduce the risk of adverse metabolic events associated with the medication. Despite this guidance, many studies show low rates of monitoring compliance. In this study, we interviewed child psychiatrists for their views of possible barriers to monitoring.

Systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of N-acetylcysteine on outcomes after liver resection.

Background: N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) is a recognized antioxidative agent that facilitates the conjugation of toxic metabolites. In recent years, NAC has been routinely used to limit ischaemia-reperfusion injury in liver transplantation. There remains, however, contradictory evidence on its effectiveness in liver resection.

Characterization of the small Arabidopsis thaliana GTPase and ADP-ribosylation factor-like 2 protein TITAN 5.

Small GTPases switch between GDP- and GTP-bound states during cell signaling. The ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF) family of small GTPases is involved in vesicle trafficking. Although evolutionarily well conserved, little is known about ARF and ARF-like GTPases in plants.

Falx cerebelli and its associated occipital venous sinus: an anatomical study.

Purpose: This study presents the morphological variation of falx cerebelli, which helps to identify the possible variations in the presence of the occipital sinus in the posterior margin of the fold whose damage during midline incision of posterior cranial fossa surgeries may lead to internal hemorrhage.

Method: The study was conducted on 48 cranial cavities exploring the falx cerebelli. Variations in the number of folds, its proximal and distal attachments, and the drainage pattern of the occipital sinus were evaluated by histological processing of the upper 1/3rd section of the falx fold.

Apigenin-6-C-glucoside ameliorates MASLD in rodent models via selective agonism of adiponectin receptor 2.

Adiponectin plays key roles in energy metabolism and ameliorates inflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction via its primary receptors, adiponectin receptors -1 and 2 (AdipoR1 and AdipoR2). Systemic depletion of adiponectin causes various metabolic disorders, including MASLD; however adiponectin supplementation is not yet achievable owing to its large size and oligomerization-associated complexities. Small-molecule AdipoR agonists, thus, may provide viable therapeutic options against metabolic disorders.

Journey From a Digital Innovation to a Sustainable Health Worker Capacity-Building App in India: Experiences, Challenges, and Lessons Learned.

Health workers, especially auxiliary nurse midwives (ANMs), are among the most critical resources in improving the quality of immunization services and reducing vaccine hesitancy under the Universal Immunization Programme (UIP) in India. To improve health worker immunization skills, UIP trainings in India are primarily conducted through instructor-led classroom, cascade trainings. However, a 2018 capacity-building need assessment revealed several challenges involved in traditional classroom training, such as a single-time exposure to new guidelines, complicated logistics arrangements, a lack of refresher training, and varying quality of training.

Structures of the Staphylococcus aureus ribosome inhibited by fusidic acid and fusidic acid cyclopentane.

The antibiotic fusidic acid (FA) is used to treat Staphylococcus aureus infections. It inhibits protein synthesis by binding to elongation factor G (EF-G) and preventing its release from the ribosome after translocation. While FA, due to permeability issues, is only effective against gram-positive bacteria, the available structures of FA-inhibited complexes are from gram-negative model organisms.

Evaluating the Diagnostic Performance of Symptom Checkers: Clinical Vignette Study.

Background: Medical self-diagnostic tools (or symptom checkers) are becoming an integral part of digital health and our daily lives, whereby patients are increasingly using them to identify the underlying causes of their symptoms. As such, it is essential to rigorously investigate and comprehensively report the diagnostic performance of symptom checkers using standard clinical and scientific approaches.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate and report the accuracies of a few known and new symptom checkers using a standard and transparent methodology, which allows the scientific community to cross-validate and reproduce the reported results, a step much needed in health informatics.