Estimating causal effects from panel data with dynamic multivariate panel models.

Panel data are ubiquitous in scientific fields such as social sciences. Various modeling approaches have been presented for observational causal inference based on such data. Existing approaches typically impose restrictive assumptions on the data-generating process such as Gaussian responses or time-invariant effects, or they can only consider short-term causal effects.

Transgenerational sublethal pyrethroid exposure gives rise to insecticide resistance in a pest insect.

The evolution of insecticide resistance has been attributed to strong directional selection by lethal concentrations of insecticides, but there is growing evidence that sublethal doses may also modify resistance through the hormetic effects. Hormesis is a beneficial effect caused by exposure to low doses. However, the role of parental (transgenerational) effects on hormesis, and through that on insecticide resistance, is still unclear.

The effects of short-term glyphosate-based herbicide exposure on insect gene expression profiles.

Glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs) are the most frequently used herbicides worldwide. The use of GBHs is intended to tackle weeds, but GBHs have been shown to affect the life-history traits and antioxidant defense system of invertebrates found in agroecosystems. Thus far, the effects of GBHs on detoxification pathways among invertebrates have not been sufficiently investigated.

Body weight and premature retirement: population-based evidence from Finland.

Background: Health status is a principal determinant of labour market participation. In this study, we examined whether excess weight is associated with withdrawal from the labour market owing to premature retirement.

Methods: The analyses were based on nationally representative data from Finland over the period 2001-15 (N ∼ 2500).

Do-search: A Tool for Causal Inference and Study Design with Multiple Data Sources.

Epidemiologic evidence is based on multiple data sources including clinical trials, cohort studies, surveys, registries, and expert opinions. Merging information from different sources opens up new possibilities for the estimation of causal effects. We show how causal effects can be identified and estimated by combining experiments and observations in real and realistic scenarios.

Sublethal Pyrethroid Insecticide Exposure Carries Positive Fitness Effects Over Generations in a Pest Insect.

Stress tolerance and adaptation to stress are known to facilitate species invasions. Many invasive species are also pests and insecticides are used to control them, which could shape their overall tolerance to stress. It is well-known that heavy insecticide usage leads to selection of resistant genotypes but less is known about potential effects of mild sublethal insecticide usage.