Biofabrication of nanoparticles: sources, synthesis, and biomedical applications.

Nanotechnology is an emerging applied science delivering crucial human interventions. Biogenic nanoparticles produced from natural sources have received attraction in recent times due to their positive attributes in both health and the environment. It is possible to produce nanoparticles using various microorganisms, plants, and marine sources.

Design, preparation, and evaluation of gastroretentive floating matrix tablet of mitiglinide.

The present research is focused on developing floating matrix tablets of mitiglinide to prolong its gastric residence time for better absorption. Gastroretentive tablets were prepared using a direct compression technique with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose K15M (HPMC K15M) and sodium alginate as matrix-forming polymers and sodium bicarbonate as the gas-forming agent. A 3 full factorial design was adopted to optimize the flotation and release profile of the drug.

Development and pharmacokinetic evaluation of osmotically controlled drug delivery system of Valganciclovir HCl for potential application in the treatment of CMV retinitis.

Valganciclovir HCl (VGH) is the widely used drug for the treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis infection with an induction dose of 900 mg per oral (p.o.) twice a day and a maintenance dose of 900 mg (p.

Solid State Characterization and Dissolution Enhancement of Nevirapine Cocrystals.

Novel cocrystals of nevirapine (NP) were designed and prepared with salicylamide and 3-hydroxy benzoic acid (3-HBA). The cocrystals were prepared by solvent drop grinding method by adding few drops of acetone to enhance the solubility and dissolution. The drug and cocrystals were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and powder x-ray diffraction (PXRD).

Development, evaluation and biodistribution of stealth liposomes of 5-fluorouracil for effective treatment of breast cancer.

The current research was undertaken to design stealth liposomes of 5-Fluorouracil for reducing its cardiotoxicity and prolong the half-life by developing long-circulating liposomes. The liposomes were prepared by the NHEDTA gradient method, where EDTA is used as a cardioprotectant. Ascorbyl-6-palmitate was also used which helped for the synergistic effect of 5-Fluorouracil to counteract the cancer cells and provide promising application in the treatment of breast cancer cells.

Enhanced brain targeting efficiency using 5-FU (fluorouracil) lipid-drug conjugated nanoparticles in brain cancer therapy.

The present investigation was aimed to synthesize, optimize, and characterize lipid/drug conjugate nanoparticles for delivering 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) to treat brain cancer. The Box-Behnken design was used to optimize the formulation, evaluate the particle size, entrapment efficiency, morphology, in vitro drug release study, and stability profiles. The in vitro performance was executed using cell line studies.

Mometasone furoate-loaded aspasomal gel for topical treatment of psoriasis: formulation, optimization, and performance.

Background: Present investigation was aimed to develop aspasomal gel of Mometasone Furoate for the treatment of Psoriasis that are biologically active and deliver drug at controlled rate and decrease dosing frequency.

Methods: The vesicles were fabricated using film hydration method and optimized using 32 factorial Design. Prepared formulations were evaluated for percent drug loading, vesicle size, Zeta potential, polydispersity index and morphological studies.

Sustained release formulation of Ondansetron HCl using osmotic drug delivery approach.

Ondansetron HCl (OSH) is a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist indicated for the prevention of nausea and vomiting associated with radiotherapy (adults: 8 mg, t.i.d) and/or chemotherapy (adults: 8 mg, b.

Enhancement of solubility and bioavailability of ambrisentan by solid dispersion using Daucus carota as a drug carrier: formulation, characterization, in vitro, and in vivo study.

Ambrisentan is an US FDA approved drug, it is the second oral endothelin A receptor antagonist known for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension, but its oral administration is limited due to its poor water solubility. Hence, the objective of the investigation was focused on enhancement of solubility and bioavailability of ambrisentan by solid dispersion technique using natural Daucus carota extract as drug carrier. Drug carrier was evaluated for solubility, swelling index, viscosity, angle of repose, hydration capacity, and acute toxicity test (LD).

Formulation, physicochemical characterization and in vitro evaluation of human insulin-loaded microspheres as potential oral carrier.

The objective of the present investigation was to formulate and characterize the human insulin entrapped Eudragit S100 microspheres containing protease inhibitors and to develop an optimized formulation with desirable features. A w/o/w multiple emulsion solvent evaporation technique was employed to produce microspheres of human insulin using Eudragit S-100 as coating material and polyvinyl alcohol as a stabilizer. The resultant microspheres were evaluated for drug-excipient compatibility, encapsulation efficiency, particle size, surface morphology, micromeritic properties, enteric nature, and in vitro drug release studies.

Formulation Optimization of Human Insulin Loaded Microspheres for Controlled Oral Delivery Using Response Surface Methodology.

Objectives: The objectives of the present investigation were to prepare recombinant human insulin entrapped Eudragit-S100 microspheres containing protease inhibitors and to precisely analyze the outcome of different formulation variables on the microspheres properties using a response surface methodology to develop an optimized formulation with desirable features.

Methods: A central composite design was employed to produce microspheres of therapeutic protein by w/o/w multiple emulsion solvent evaporation technique using Eudragit S-100 as coating material and polyvinyl alcohol as a stabilizer. The effect of formulation variables (independent variables) that is levels of Eudragit S-100 (X1), therapeutic protein (X2), volumes of inner aqueous phase (X3) and external aqueous phase (X4) on dependant variables, that are encapsulation efficiency (Y1), drug release at pH 1.

Thermoreversible nanoethosomal gel for the intranasal delivery of Eletriptan hydrobromide.

The objective of the current study was to formulate and characterize thermoreversible gel of Eletriptan Hydrobromide for brain targeting via the intranasal route. Ethosomes were prepared by 3(2) factorial design with two independent variables (concentration of soya lecithin and ethanol) and two response variables [percent entrapment efficiency and vesicle size (nm)] using ethanol injection method. Formulated ethosomes were evaluated for preliminary microscopic examination followed by percent drug entrapment efficiency, vesicle size analysis, zeta potential, polydispersibility index and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM).

Poloxamer 407-based intranasal thermoreversible gel of zolmitriptan-loaded nanoethosomes: formulation, optimization, evaluation and permeation studies.

Zolmitriptan is the drug of choice for migraine, but low oral bioavailability (<50%) and recurrence of migraine lead to frequent dosing and increase in associated side effects. Increase in the residence time of drug at the site of drug absorption along with direct nose to brain targeting of zolmitriptan can be a solution to the existing problems. Hence, in the present investigation, thermoreversible intranasal gel of zolmitriptan-loaded nanoethosomes was formulated by using mucoadhesive polymers to increase the residence of the drug into the nasal cavity.