Case Report of a Sharp-Pointed Foreign Body Ingested by a Child: How Long to Wait Before Surgical Intervention?

Foreign body (FB) ingestion is one of the most common and challenging scenarios encountered in an Emergency Department. The incidence varies in different centers. They may be blunt objects, sharp-pointed objects, magnets, food boluses, and disk batteries.

Littre's hernia in children.

Meckel's diverticulum is a common congenital anomaly of the gastrointestinal (GI) system, which remains asymptomatic unless some complications occur. Littre's hernia is a rare complication of Meckel's diverticulum, where it herniates into the hernial sac. It is difficult to diagnose this condition preoperatively.

Congenital Intraoral Dermoid and Epidermoid Cyst with Orocutaneous Fistula Presenting with Life-threatening Airway Obstruction in an Infant.

Dermoid cysts and epidermoid cysts in the floor of the mouth are rare in the pediatric age group. In this case report, we have discussed the presentation, management, and literature review of a 6-month-old female child presenting with both dermoid and epidermoid cysts in the floor of the mouth with an orocutaneous fistula.

Congenital midline upper lip sinus in an infant.

Congenital lip sinus is a rare entity with upper lip sinus being rarer than the lower lip sinus. It can be an isolated entity or associated with cleft lip, palate or Van der Woude syndrome. Syndromic association requires proper evaluation and aggressive surgical treatment.

Assessment of Matrix Metalloprotease - 7 (MMP7) Immunohistochemistry in Biliary Atresia and Other Pediatric Cholestatic Liver Diseases.

Biliary atresia (BA) is a progressive fibro-obliterative cholangiopathy. The histopathological diagnosis is often challenging and an immunohistochemical marker is often sought as an adjunct. We evaluated MMP7 immunohistochemistry in BA and other non-BA pediatric cholestatic liver diseases.

Parosteal lipoma of rib causing widening of intercostal space in an adolescent.

Parosteal lipomas are typically seen in adults and affect mostly the diaphysis of the long bones of the upper and lower limbs. Only a few cases have been reported in children until now and none were reported involving ribs. A female adolescent patient presented with swelling on the left upper back over the scapular region for the past 4 years without any neurological deficit.

Effect of preoperative estrogen on complications after proximal hypospadias repair: A randomized controlled trial.

Introduction: Proximal hypospadias repair has many postoperative complications such as urethrocutaneous fistulae, wound dehiscence, and urethral stricture. The beneficial effect of estrogen to promote wound healing has been known. We designed a study to determine whether preoperative stimulation of tissue with estrogen can reduce the postoperative complications associated with wound healing in patients undergoing hypospadias repair.

Loss of interest for training in paediatric surgery in India.

Background Despite the sizeable Indian paediatric population, few students have opted for postdoctoral (Magister Chirurgiae [MCh]/Diplomate of the National Board of Examinations [DNB]) courses in the past decade. We analyse the apparent loss of interest for training in paediatric surgery in India and suggest remedies. Methods We did a combination of an online questionnaire-based survey and several interviews among students, teachers and practitioners of paediatric surgery.

Urethral Caruncle with Associated Renoureteric Anomalies.

A urethral caruncle is a rare differential diagnosis for a prolapsed mass at the urethral meatus. The aetiopathogenesis of this entity is unclear. We report a three-year-old female patient who presented to a tertiary care teaching hospital in India in 2019 with intermittent bleeding from the introitus for a month.

Congenital Short Bowel Syndrome With Annular Pancreas Presenting as Neonatal Intestinal Obstruction.

Congenital short bowel syndrome (CSBS) is a very rare gastrointestinal anomaly of unknown etiology. We report a case of a six-week-old male with CSBS who presented with features of intestinal obstruction and failure to thrive. The abdominal radiograph was suggestive of a central gasless abdomen, and a provisional diagnosis of malrotation of the gut with volvulus was considered.

Awareness of Common Pediatric Surgical Entities among Practicing Indian Pediatricians.

Aim: Common pediatric surgical entities often get a delayed referral to the pediatric surgeon in the average Indian scenario. This study was conducted to assess the awareness about management of select common pediatric surgical entities among practicing pediatricians.

Materials And Methods: An online multiple-choice questionnaire consisting of twenty questions related to the diagnosis and management of common pediatric surgical entities encountered by pediatricians in their routine office practice was prepared, and the electronic link was circulated among the practicing pediatricians of India.

Diminution of the Primary Cilia From the Intrahepatic Cholangiocytes in a Pediatric Choledochal Cyst.

Choledochal cyst (CC) is a cystic disease predominantly involving the extrahepatic biliary tree. Biliary atresia (BA), another disorder of the extrahepatic biliary tree, is sometimes considered to be in the same spectrum as pediatric CC. Recently, the absence and/or the structural abnormality of the primary cilia in the intrahepatic cholangiocytes have been implicated in the pathogenesis of BA.

Xanthogranulomatous cystitis masquerading as bladder tumor in a child.

Xanthogranulomatous cystitis affecting the urinary bladder is extremely rare, and only around thirty adult cases and two pediatric cases have been reported in the literature. The treatment is predominantly surgical as the lesion is mostly infiltrative and mimics malignancy. We report probably the third pediatric case, who presented with symptoms of urinary tract infection and urinary retention and was initially suspected as bladder tumor on imaging.

Acute limb ischemia following iatrogenic femoral artery injury during orchiopexy.

Orchiopexy for undescended testis is a standard procedure in pediatric patients. Intraoperative complications during orchiopexy are rare. Major complications reported include injury to vas deferens or testicular vessels, leading to testicular atrophy.

Heteropagus Twins: A Tale of Two.

Parasitic twin is a rare occurrence, with rachispagus being the rarest. The surgical approach and timing are not standardized. We describe the management of two cases of rachispagus and review the sparse literature on this entity.

Intracranial, Extradural, Hemangiopericytoma in a Neonate.

Intracranial infantile hemangiopericytoma (HPC) is a rare, sparsely documented neoplasm with a relatively favorable prognosis than its adult counterpart. We describe a neonatal extradural, intracranial, infantile HPC managed with near-total excision.

Expression of CD56 is Not Limited to Biliary Atresia and Correlates with the Degree of Fibrosis in Pediatric Cholestatic Diseases.

Backgrounds And Aims: CD56 immunostain is used as an adjunct to aid in the preoperative diagnosis of biliary atresia (BA) by liver biopsy. We aimed to study the expression of CD56 in different pediatric cholestatic diseases thereby evaluating its utility in the diagnosis of BA.

Methods: We performed immunohistochemistry for CD56 on 35 cases of pediatric cholestatic diseases and five age-matched controls.

The Presence of Pericholedochal Hyaline Cartilage in Biliary Atresia: A Report and A Review.

The presence of cartilage in extra hepatic biliary tree is an unusual finding. An isolated presence of the cartilage is possibly heterotopic or occurs as a metaplastic response to the inflammatory insult. We had examined the liver biopsy and the resected specimen of a biliary atresia (BA) after Kasai procedure.

Outcome Analysis of Patients of Congenital Hydrocephalus with Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt at a Tertiary Care Hospital in North India.

Introduction: Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt is a commonly performed neurosurgical procedure in pediatric surgical practice. This study is aimed at determining the outcome of congenital hydrocephalus patients who underwent shunt surgery at our center.

Materials And Methods: A total of 278 operated cases of congenital hydrocephalus with a minimum follow-up of 6 months were analyzed in terms of complications.

Cystic biliary atresia or atretic choledochal cyst: A continuum in infantile obstructive cholangiopathy.

Both cystic biliary atresia and choledochal cyst present as infantile obstructive cholangiopathy. : We detail an infant with congenital biliary dilatation and obstructive cholangiopathy where clinicoradiological features (antenatally imaged subhepatic cyst, early onset jaundice, intrahepatic dilated biliary radicals) suggested a choledochal cyst but operative findings (lack of a distal communication of cyst with duodenum) and histomorphological features (cicatricial collagen and myofibroblastic hyperplasia in the cyst wall; ductal plate malformation, ductular cholestasis and strong expression of CD56 in the liver) were those associated with biliary atresia. : The observations support the contention that BA and CC may be interim entities in a continuum of manifestation of the same pathology.

Multiple neural tube defects may not be very rare.

Background: Multiple neural tube defects (MNTDs) are a rare occurrence. Although the clinical incidence is small, MNTDs raise some interesting embryological queries.

Aim: This study aims to investigate the morphological and clinical variations observed in neonates presenting with multiple neural tube defects and associated central nervous system anomalies.

Novel association of VACTERL, neural tube defect and crossed renal ectopia: sonic hedgehog signaling: a point of coherence?

The present case report describes two patients with a novel combination of VACTERL (vertebral, anorectal, cardiac, tracheoesophageal, renal, limb), neural tube defect and crossed renal ectopia. Though cases of VACTERL associated with crossed renal ectopia have been described, the present case report is the first to describe its combination with neural tube defect. The cases reported here are significant because central nervous system manifestations are scarce in VACTERL syndrome.