Protection of Alzheimer's disease progression by a human-origin probiotics cocktail.

Microbiome abnormalities (dysbiosis) significantly contribute to the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the therapeutic efficacy of microbiome modulators in protecting against these ailments remains poorly studied. Herein, we tested a cocktail of unique probiotics, including 5 Lactobacillus and 5 Enterococcus strains isolated from infant gut with proven microbiome modulating capabilities.

Effects of extremely low-frequency (50 Hz) electromagnetic fields on vital organs of adult Wistar rats and viability of mouse fibroblast cells.

In recent years, scientific communities have been concerned about the potential health effects of periodic electromagnetic field exposure (≤1 h/d). The objective of our study is to determine the impact of extremely low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields (ELF-PEMF) (1-3 mT, 50 Hz) on mouse fibroblast (red fluorescent protein (RFP)-L929) cells and adult Wistar rats to gain a comprehensive understanding of biological effects. We observed that RFP-L929 exhibits no significant changes in cell proliferation and morphology but mild elevation in aspartate aminotransferases, alanine aminotransferases, total bilirubin, serum creatinine, and creatine kinase-myocardial band levels in ELF-PEMF exposed groups under in vitro and in vivo conditions.

Alzheimer's disease: from early pathogenesis to novel therapeutic approaches.

The mainstay behind Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains unknown due to the elusive pathophysiology of the disease. Beta-amyloid and phosphorylated Tau is still widely incorporated in various research studies while studying AD. However, they are not sufficient.

Regulatory roles of microRNAs in modulating mitochondrial dynamics, amyloid beta fibrillation, microglial activation, and cholinergic signaling: Implications for alzheimer's disease pathogenesis.

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) remains a formidable challenge due to its complex pathology, notably involving mitochondrial dysfunction and dysregulated microRNA (miRNA) signaling. This study delves into the underexplored realm of miRNAs' impact on mitochondrial dynamics and their interplay with amyloid-beta (Aβ) aggregation and tau pathology in AD. Addressing identified gaps, our research utilizes advanced molecular techniques and AD models, alongside patient miRNA profiles, to uncover miRNAs pivotal in mitochondrial regulation.

Sonic hedgehog signalling pathway contributes in age-related disorders and Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is caused by the aging process and manifested by cognitive deficits and progressive memory loss. During aging, several conditions, including hypertension, diabetes, and cholesterol, have been identified as potential causes of AD by affecting Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signalling. In addition to being essential for cell differentiation and proliferation, Shh signalling is involved in tissue repair and the prevention of neurodegeneration.

Madhuca longifolia-hydro-ethanolic-fraction reverses mitochondrial dysfunction and modulates selective GLUT expression in diabetic mice fed with high fat diet.

Background: Metabolic disorder is characterized as chronic low-grade inflammation which elevates the systemic inflammatory markers. The proposed hypothesis behind this includes occurrence of hypoxia due to intake of high fat diet leading to oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction.

Aim: In the present work our aim was to elucidate the possible mechanism of action of hydroethanolic fraction of M.

Suvorexant improves mitochondrial dynamics with the regulation of orexinergic and mTOR activation in rats exhibiting PTSD-like symptoms.

Background: Increasing evidence suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction plays a significant role in PTSD. However, the exact mechanism is still unclear. Mitochondrial dynamics could be one of the mechanisms, as it is crucial for mitochondrial homeostasis and is widely affected in traumatic situations.

The Triple Alliance: Microbiome, Mitochondria, and Metabolites in the Context of Age-Related Cognitive Decline and Alzheimer's Disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive, age-related neurodegenerative disorder that affects a large proportion of the older population. It currently lacks effective treatments, placing a heavy burden on patients, families, health care systems, and society. This is mainly due to our limited comprehension of the pathophysiology of AD progression, as well as the lack of effective drug targets and intervention timing to address the underlying pathology.

Effects of ELF-PEMF exposure on spontaneous alternation, anxiety, motor co-ordination and locomotor activity of adult wistar rats and viability of C6 (Glial) cells in culture.

The effects of ELF-PEMF exposure on spontaneous alternation, anxiety, motor coordination, and locomotor activity have been discussed in various pre-clinical and clinical settings. Several epidemiological and experimental studies have demonstrated the potential effects of ELF-PEMF when exposed > ∼1 h/day; however, very few studies have focused on understanding the influence of ELF-PEMF exposure of 1-3 mT with an exposure duration of < 1 h/day on spontaneous alternation, anxiety, motor coordination, and locomotor activity. Hence, we attempted to study the effects of ELF-PEMF exposure of 1-3 mT, 50 Hz with an exposure duration of 20 min each with a 4 h gap (2 times) on the cellular proliferation and morphologies of C6 (Glial) cells and spontaneous alternation, anxiety, motor coordination and locomotor activity of Wistar rats under in vitro and in vivo conditions, respectively.

Interplay of Nutrition and Psychoneuroendocrineimmune Modulation: Relevance for COVID-19 in BRICS Nations.

The consequences of COVID-19 are not limited to physical health deterioration; the impact on neuropsychological well-being is also substantially reported. The inter-regulation of physical health and psychological well-being through the psychoneuroendocrineimmune (PNEI) axis has enduring consequences in susceptibility, treatment outcome as well as recuperation. The pandemic effects are upsetting the lifestyle, social interaction, and financial security; and also pose a threat through perceived fear.

Supplementation of taurine improves ionic homeostasis and mitochondrial function in the rats exhibiting post-traumatic stress disorder-like symptoms.

Rationale: Current pharmacotherapy for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is limited to few antidepressants. Mitochondrial dysfunction is observed in PTSD, along with altered potassium homeostasis. Nutritional supplementation of taurine can improve ionic homeostasis and thereby treat PTSD-like symptoms in rats.

Neuro-nutraceutical potential of Asparagus racemosus: A review.

Debilitating neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative conditions are associated with complex multifactorial pathophysiology. Their treatment strategies often only provide symptomatic relief, delaying disease progression without giving a complete cure. Potent and safer treatment alternatives beyond symptomatic relief are sought.

Discovery of new phenyl sulfonyl-pyrimidine carboxylate derivatives as the potential multi-target drugs with effective anti-Alzheimer's action: Design, synthesis, crystal structure and in-vitro biological evaluation.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is multifactorial, progressive neurodegeneration with impaired behavioural and cognitive functions. The multitarget-directed ligand (MTDL) strategies are promising paradigm in drug development, potentially leading to new possible therapy options for complex AD. Herein, a series of novel MTDLs phenylsulfonyl-pyrimidine carboxylate (BS-1 to BS-24) derivatives were designed and synthesized for AD treatment.

Development and treatment of cognitive inflexibility in sub-chronic stress-re-stress (SRS) model of PTSD.

Background: Cognitive inflexibility is one of the major clinical symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Studies have examined the impact of traumatic events on anxiety. However, there were limited reports on the effect of traumatic episodes on cognitive flexibility.

Non-selective orexin-receptor antagonist attenuates stress-re-stress-induced core PTSD-like symptoms in rats: Behavioural and neurochemical analyses.

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychological disorder affecting many around the world. Growing evidence suggests that orexin-A is involved in the pathophysiology of depression and panic anxiety disorder. However, the role of orexin-A in PTSD remains unclear.

prevents D-galactose-Induced cognitive deficits, oxidative stress and neurodegeneration in the adult rat brain.

Chronic D-galactose (D-gal) administration causes cognitive impairment and is used widely in animal models for anti-aging studies. (CA), a traditional herbal medicine, has been used as a brain tonic to enhance memory. This study evaluates the neuroprotective role of an ethanolic extract of (CAE) against D-gal-induced aging in rats.

A novel stress re-stress model: modification of re-stressor cue induces long-lasting post-traumatic stress disorder-like symptoms in rats.

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) develops after exposure to a severe traumatic event. Stress re-stress (SRS) model of PTSD using forced swim as a re-stress shows hypocortisolism, an index of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysfunction. Despite this, the SRS model lacks development of hyperarousal and intrusive memory which are prominent symptoms of PTSD.

Neurochemical Evidence of Preclinical and Clinical Reports on Target-Based Therapy in Alcohol Used Disorder.

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a chronic relapsing disorder, which enforces a person to compulsively seek alcohol, restricting control over alcohol intake leads to emergence of an undesired emotional state during abstinence. There are recent advances for better understanding of neurocircuitry involved in the pathophysiology of AUD. Alcohol interaction with neuronal membrane proteins results in changes in neuronal circuits.

Design and development of molecular hybrids of 2-pyridylpiperazine and 5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazoles as potential multifunctional agents to treat Alzheimer's disease.

The diverse nature of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has prompted researchers to develop multi-functional agents. Herein, we have designed and synthesized molecular hybrids of 2-pyridylpiperazine and 5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazoles. Biological activities of synthesized compounds suggested significant and balanced inhibitory potential against target enzymes.

Repeated caffeine administration aggravates post-traumatic stress disorder-like symptoms in rats.

Background: Caffeine is the widely consumed central nervous system stimulant in form of coffee and other beverages. However, the repeated administration of caffeine induces anxiety, disturbance in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and psychiatric symptoms in humans. As much evidence links PTSD to HPA axis dysfunction, and anxiety is a hallmark symptom, repeated and/or large doses of caffeine may exacerbate symptoms of PTSD.

Synthesis of novel S-linked dihydroartemisinin derivatives and evaluation of their anticancer activity.

We report herein the synthesis and anticancer activity of a set of novel S-linked artemisinins bearing an aliphatic/aromatic/heterocyclic nucleus as a substituent on the sulfur. The compounds were prepared from artemisinin via its lactol-form by an acid-catalyzed condensation of the desired thiol with the lactol. Both the C-10-α- and β-configured thiol ethers were synthesized with a view to making them available for the anticancer activity evaluation using a variety of cell lines.

Design and development of multitarget-directed N-Benzylpiperidine analogs as potential candidates for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

The multitarget-directed strategy offers an effective and promising paradigm to treat the complex neurodegenerative disorder, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Herein, a series of N-benzylpiperidine analogs (17-31 and 32-46) were designed and synthesized as multi-functional inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and β-secretase-1 (BACE-1) with moderate to excellent inhibitory activities. Among the tested inhibitors, 25, 26, 40, and 41 presented the most significant and balanced inhibition against both the targets.

Coenzyme Q10 Prevents Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Facilitates Pharmacological Activity of Atorvastatin in 6-OHDA Induced Dopaminergic Toxicity in Rats.

Atorvastatin (ATV) generally used to treat dyslipidemia is also reported to have effect against 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) induced neurotoxicity. Additionally, atorvastatin can interfere with mitochondrial function by reducing the level of Q10. Therefore, the therapeutic effect of atorvastatin (20 mg/kg) could be compromised.

Assessing the genotoxicity of urban air pollutants in Varanasi City using Tradescantia micronucleus (Trad-MCN) bioassay.

In the present study Tradescantia micronucleus (Trad-MCN) bioassay was performed to assess the genotoxicity of air pollutants in Varanasi City. The experiment was performed during October 2006 to April 2007. For Tradescantia micronucleus (Trad-MCN) bioassay four sites were selected, three in the city having different traffic characteristics and one control site virtually free from traffic intervention.

Seasonal variation of leaf dust accumulation and pigment content in plant species exposed to urban particulates pollution.

To assess the dust interception efficiency of some selected tree species and impact of dust deposition on chlorophyll and ascorbic acid content of leaves the present study was undertaken. The plant species selected for the study were Ficus religiosa, Ficus benghalensis, Mangifera indica, Dalbergia sissoo, Psidium guajava, and Dendrocalamus strictus. It was found that all species have maximum dust deposition in the winter season followed by summer and rainy seasons.