Morphological and molecular characterisation of two new species of (Digenea: Bucephalidae Poche, 1907) from Jordan & Seale in Mozambique.

Species-level delineation of digenetic trematodes is complex and can be best achieved by integrative taxonomy using both genetic characterisation and morphological analysis. Two new Bucephalidae species of the genus Diesing, 1858 are described here based on specimens collected from the intestine of Jordan & Seale following this approach. Adults of n.

Revisiting the type material of two African Diplozoinae (Diplozoidae: Monogenea), with remarks on morphology, systematics and diplozoid specificity.

The morphological characterisation of Diplozoidae spp. is highly reliant on the details of the sclerotised components of the hooks and clamps in the haptor. Only six species of (Diplozoinae) have been described from Africa, four of which have adequate morphological and even comparative ITS2 rDNA data available.

Predicting type 2 diabetes risk before and after solid organ transplantation using polygenic scores in a Danish cohort.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) can be multifactorial where both genetics and environmental factors play a role. We aimed to investigate the use of polygenic risk scores (PRS) in the prediction of pre-transplant T2DM and post-transplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) among solid organ transplant (SOT) patients. Using non-genetic risk scores alone; and the combination with PRS, separate logistic regression models were built and compared using receiver operator curves.

Pathology caused by introduced Neoergasilus japonicus (Copepoda: Ergasilidae) to the skin of indigenous Tilapia sparrmanii in South Africa and scanning electron microscopy study of wound-inflicting structures.

Neoergasilus japonicus, a fish ectoparasite indigenous to eastern and southern Asia, has been introduced to various regions, including Europe and North and South America, where it spreads at an alarming rate. The parasite is not host-specific. It was also collected from the Vaal-Orange and Limpopo river systems in South Africa.

Metabolic Profiling Early Post-Allogeneic Haematopoietic Cell Transplantation in the Context of CMV Infection.

Immune dysfunction resulting from allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (aHSCT) predisposes one to an elevated risk of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. Changes in metabolism have been associated with adverse outcomes, and in this study, we explored the associations between metabolic profiles and post-transplantation CMV infection using plasma samples collected 7-33 days after aHSCT. We included 68 aHSCT recipients from Rigshospitalet, Denmark, 50% of whom experienced CMV infection between days 34-100 post-transplantation.

Ling, 1962 infects an indigenous cyprinid in southern Africa: An expanded description.

Ling, 1962 is a highly invasive parasite reported across freshwater environments of the northern hemisphere. The taxon was originally described from (Linnaeus, 1758) and Linnaeus, 1758 in China. This parasite has never been reported in Africa or the southern hemisphere.

An improved method for isolating camallanid (Nematoda) spicules for scanning electron microscopy.

In nematodes, the structure of male copulatory organs is a significant taxonomic distinguisher and includes the morphometry of the spicules. The description of these structures mainly relies on the study of whole mounts using light microscopy. In rare instances, protruding spicules have been described with scanning electron microscopy.

Additional data on Spinitectus petterae (Nematoda: Rhabditida) from Clarias gariepinus (Siluriformes: Clariidae) in the Vaal River system: conserved morphology or high intraspecific genetic variability?

Two species of Spinitectus Fourment, 1884 have been recorded from southern Africa, namely Spinitectus polli Campana-Rouget, 1961 and Spinitectus petterae Boomker, 1993, both from the Limpopo River system. Spinitectus petterae was described from North African catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell), whereas S. polli infects squeakers, Synodontis spp.

Camallanid nematodes from (Burchell, 1822) in the Crocodile River, Gauteng, South Africa: Exploring diversity and divergence in an acid-mine drainage impacted environment.

collected from Lake Heritage, Crocodile River, were found to harbour camallanid nematodes. Previously, Boomker (1982) surveyed the Hartbeespoort Dam, downstream of the current study site, and identified a high prevalence of and Since then, was described from suggesting reconsideration of the identifications of species in historical studies from clariids The aim of the current study was to definitively identify the nematodes collected from in Lake Heritage using morphological and molecular analyses Morphological study consisted of light and scanning electron microscopy which confirmed the identity and This included descriptions of the detailed morphology of isolated buccal capsules for both species using soft tissue digestion, notably for the first time for . The morphology of isolated spiculae of both species was described for the first time using SEM.

Gastric adenocarcinoma in the excluded stomach 18 years after bariatric surgery: a case report.

Gastric cancer (GC) ranks fourth in overall cancer mortality. Bariatric surgical procedures, especially the gastric bypass surgery (GBS), raise a concern about the risk of GC in the excluded stomach (ES). Diagnosis of GC in the ES is challenging due to anatomical changes and impossibility of endoscopic access to the ES.

Development and Validation of a Risk Score for Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorders among Solid Organ Transplant Recipients.

Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) is a well-recognized complication after transplant. This study aimed to develop and validate a risk score to predict PTLD among solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. Poisson regression identified predictors of PTLD with the best fitting model selected for the risk score.

Posttransplantation Diabetes Mellitus Among Solid Organ Recipients in a Danish Cohort.

Post-transplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) is associated with a higher risk of adverse outcomes. We aimed to describe the proportion of patients with diabetes prior to solid organ transplantation (SOT) and post-transplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) in three time periods (early-likely PTDM: 0-45 days; 46-365 days and >365 days) post-transplant and to estimate possible risk factors associated with PTDM in each time-period. Additionally, we compared the risk of death and causes of death in patients with diabetes prior to transplant, PTDM, and non-diabetes patients.

Aspects of the pathology induced by Spinitectus petterae Boomker, 1993 in the stomach of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) using light and scanning electron microscopy.

Spinitectus spp. (Rhabdochonidae) are enteric nematodes characterized by annular spines. At the anterior end, these spines assist attachment and aid penetration into the host tissue.

First isolation and scanning electron microscopy of haptoral sclerites of (Monogenea).

Macrogyrodactylus congolensis (Prudhoe, 1957) is one of six species of Macrogyrodactylus, all of which are endemic to Africa. This monogenean is a host-specific ectoparasite of the African sharptooth catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822). It attaches to the host with a posterior haptor armed with sclerites.

Light and scanning electron microscopy of the effects of Macrogyrodactylus congolensis (Prudhoe, 1957) on the skin of the African sharptooth catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822).

Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) is one of the two most actively cultured freshwater fish in Africa and therefore, economically important. Specimens of this species were purchased from a fish farm near Hartbeespoort Dam (North West, South Africa) and introduced into the tanks of the research aquarium in the Department of Zoology at the University of Johannesburg. However, the skin of these fish was infected with Macrogyrodactylus congolensis (Prudhoe, 1957), which proliferated profusely in the favourable conditions of the aquarium, posing a potential threat to its host.

HIV seroprevalence in five key populations in Europe: a systematic literature review, 2009 to 2019.

BackgroundIn Europe, HIV disproportionately affects men who have sex with men (MSM), people who inject drugs (PWID), prisoners, sex workers, and transgender people. Epidemiological data are primarily available from national HIV case surveillance systems that rarely capture information on sex work, gender identity or imprisonment. Surveillance of HIV prevalence in key populations often occurs as independent studies with no established mechanism for collating such information at the European level.

Use of monitoring indicators in hospital management of antimicrobials.

Background: According to the literature, 25% to 50% of antimicrobials prescribed in hospitals are unnecessary or inappropriate, directly impacting antimicrobial resistance. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the use of antimicrobials in a university hospital in Northeast Brazil, using days of therapy (DOT) and length of therapy (LOT) indicators in accordance with the latest national and international recommendations for monitoring the use of antimicrobials.

Methods: This is an observational, prospective analytical study conducted in a teaching hospital, with 94 active beds, distributed between the intensive care unit (ICU), the surgical clinic (SUR), the medical clinic (MED), the pneumology/infectology department (PNE/INF) and pediatrics (PED).

Morphological and molecular description of Allocreadium apokryfi sp. n. (Digenea: Allocreadiidae) from native Labeobarbus aeneus (Cyprinidae) in South Africa, including notes on its biology, evolutionary history and an updated key of African Allocreadium.

Adult trematodes of Allocreadium Looss, 1900 (Digenea) infect the intestine of mostly freshwater fishes in Asia, Europe, Africa and the Americas. During routine parasitological surveys in the Vaal River system, adult trematodes were collected from the intestine of smallmouth yellowfish, Labeobarbus aeneus (Burchell). The trematodes were confirmed to represent a member of Allocreadium and did not match any existing taxon.

An alien parasite affects local fauna-Confirmation of (Copepoda: Ergasilidae) switching hosts and infecting native (Actinopterygii: Siluridae) in Hungary.

In 2016, an intense copepod infection was recorded from a reservoir in proximity to the Danube River in Hungary from visibly emaciated wels catfish, . The parasite-induced pathology was described but parasite identity was not conclusive. Additional sample collections in 2017 and 2018 allowed for identification using both light and scanning electron microscopy, alongside genetic characterisation.

Parasite diversity of introduced fish Lates niloticus, Oreochromis niloticus and endemic Haplochromis spp. of Lake Victoria, Kenya.

This study reports on the status of metazoan fish parasites in Lake Victoria following the establishment of introduced Lates niloticus (Latidae) and Oreochromis niloticus (Cichlidae) and changes in environmental quality. For this study, 412 fish specimens were examined for parasites: 103 L. niloticus, 165 O.

Review on the molecular study of the Diplozoidae: analyses of currently available genetic data, what it tells us, and where to go from here.

The use of molecular tools in the study of parasite taxonomy and systematics have become a substantial and crucial component of parasitology. Having genetic characterisation at the disposal of researchers has produced mostly useful, and arguably more objective conclusions. However, there are several groups for which limited genetic information is available and, coupled with the lack of standardised protocols, renders molecular study of these groups challenging.

National Recommendations for Infant and Young Child Feeding in the World Health Organization European Region.

Objectives: Complementary feeding should provide a healthy diet with critical nutrients for growth and development. Information is limited on child and infant feeding recommendations within the World Health Organization (WHO) European Region.

Methods: The WHO Regional Office for Europe and the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) performed a survey of national recommendations on infant and young child nutrition aimed at national government departments of health and national paediatric experts.

Food-Based Dietary Guidelines - development of a conceptual framework for future Food-Based Dietary Guidelines in Europe: report of a Federation of European Nutrition Societies Task-Force Workshop in Copenhagen, 12-13 March 2018.

Identifying a need for developing a conceptual framework for the future development of Food-Based Dietary Guidelines (FBDG) in Europe, The Federation of European Nutrition Sciences established a Task Force for this purpose. A workshop was held with the specific objective to discuss the various dimensions considered as particularly relevant. Existing frameworks for FBDG were discussed, and presentations from various countries illustrated not only several commonalities but also a high degree of heterogeneity in the guidelines from different countries.

Additional Morphological Features and Molecular Data of (Nematoda: Camallanidae) Infecting (Actinopterygii: Clariidae) in Kenya.

This study provides additional taxonomic features based on scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and molecular data for ( Baylis, 1923 ) (Nematoda: Camallanidae). Parasites were collected from the posterior end of the intestine of cultured freshwater Sharptooth catfish (Burchell, 1822) from Kibos fish farm, Kisumu County, Kenya, from December 2017 to March 2018. Additional taxonomic features recorded for include the occurrence of 4-5 equal length digitate processes on the caudal end of the female, 4 processes (2 smaller and 2 larger) on the male caudal end, and a description of the shape of the distal tip of the right spicule.