A multicenter study on enteral autonomy outcome of pediatric intestinal failure patients from a middle-income country.

Background & Aims: To identify predictors of enteral autonomy and survival in pediatric intestinal failure patients followed up at three pediatric intestinal rehabilitation centers from a middle-income country.

Methods: This retrospective multicenter cohort study evaluated patients with intestinal failure from three high-volume intestinal rehabilitation centers on long-term parenteral nutrition between 2014 and 2023. The primary outcome was status at the end of the follow-up: parenteral nutrition dependence, enteral autonomy, transplantation, or death.

Clinical and laboratory findings of hookworms ( spp.) in naturally infected adult dogs.

Intestinal parasites of the genus are the most prevalent in coproparasitological examinations and necropsies of dogs in Brazil. Although adult dogs often remain asymptomatic when infected, there is limited published information concerning the laboratory and clinical findings and severity of infection in symptomatic adult dogs. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize the clinical and laboratory findings of adult -infected dogs.

Evaluation of the antibacterial activity of essential oils from oregano (Origanum vulgare) against Escherichia coli strains isolated from meat products.

The objective of this study was to analyze the antimicrobial and anti-stick capacity of essential oil extracted from oregano (Origanum vulgare) in relation to various strains of Escherichia coli (Ec 41, Ec 42, Ec 44, Ec 45) isolated from meat products. Techniques such as Determination of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration were used (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (CBM). Furthermore, the method was used disk diffusion method to examine the interaction between O.

Cutoff points for handgrip strength in patients with liver cirrhosis: a multicenter study.

Objectives: This study aimed to define handgrip strength (HGS) cutoff points to predict 1-year mortality in adult patients with liver cirrhosis.

Methods: This is an analysis of cohort databases from four reference centers in Brazil. Inpatients or outpatients with cirrhosis and aged ≥18 years were included.

Agathisflavone Inhibits Viability and Modulates the Expression of miR-125b, miR-155, IL-6, and Arginase in Glioblastoma Cells and Microglia/Macrophage Activation.

Glioblastomas (GBM) are malignant tumours with poor prognosis. Treatment involves chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy; however, there is currently no standard treatment for recurrence, and prognosis remains unfavourable. Inflammatory mediators and microRNAs (miRNAs) influence the aggressiveness of GBM, being involved in the communication with the cells of the tumour parenchyma, including microglia/macrophages, and maintaining an immunosuppressive microenvironment.

Failure to repair damaged NAD(P)H blocks de novo serine synthesis in human cells.

Background: Metabolism is error prone. For instance, the reduced forms of the central metabolic cofactors nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), can be converted into redox-inactive products, NADHX and NADPHX, through enzymatically catalyzed or spontaneous hydration. The metabolite repair enzymes NAXD and NAXE convert these damaged compounds back to the functional NAD(P)H cofactors.

The Benefits of COVID-19 Vaccination for Pregnant Patients Hospitalized with Respiratory Symptoms: A Retrospective Cohort Study in South Brazil.

Objectives: SARS-CoV-2 infection is a known risk factor for adverse health outcomes in pregnancy, affecting both maternal and neonatal health. Mounting evidence suggests that even a single dose of an approved COVID-19 vaccine protects against severe SARS-CoV-2 infection and is safe for both pregnant persons and neonates. Southern Brazil was heavily affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, and the protective effects of the vaccine on maternal and neonatal health are not well described.

Safety of Immersive Virtual Reality for the Management of Parkinson's Disease.

Virtual reality (VR) has been used in research and clinical practice in the management of Parkinson's disease (PD), potentially enhancing physiotherapy. Adverse events (AEs) associated with VR applications in PD have been poorly explored. We conducted a randomized controlled trial to compare two 12-week interventions using physiotherapy and immersive VR, and analyzed the frequency and type of AEs occurring in 30 people with PD.

Effect of Mn(II) and Co(II) on Anti- Metabolite Production by sp. an Endophyte Isolated from (Plantaginaceae).

: This study evaluates the effect of Mn(II) and Co(II) ions on the production of anti- metabolites by the endophytic fungus Aspergillus sp., isolated from . The objective was to identify metal-induced secondary metabolites with antifungal potential against drug-resistant species.

Viability and Motility of Under Elevated Martian Salt Stresses.

This study investigates the effects of three Martian-relevant salts-sodium chlorate, sodium perchlorate, and sodium chloride-on the viability and motility of , a model organism for understanding microbial responses to environmental stress. These salts are abundant on Mars and play a crucial role in forming brines, one of the few sources of stable liquid water on the planet. We analyze the survivability under different salt concentrations using colony plating.

Dysregulation of MiR-21, MiR-221 and MiR-451 During Neoadjuvant Treatment of Breast Cancer: A Prospective Study.

Background: Breast cancer is highly heterogeneous disease in which different responses are observed to the same treatment for different subtypes and extents of similar diseases. Considering this scenario, the search for tumor biomarkers is indispensable, with current evidence suggesting that circulating microRNAs are viable biomarkers. This study evaluated the expression of miR-21, miR-221, miR-195, and miR-451 in patients with breast cancer undergoing neoadjuvant treatment at oncology outpatient facilities in Brazil.

Designing for medication adherence in inflammatory bowel disease: multi-disciplinary approaches for self-administrable biotherapeutics.

Biotherapeutics are among the therapeutics that have revolutionized standard inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) treatment, which was previously limited to mesalamine, 5-aminosalicylic acid, corticosteroids, and classical immunosuppressants. Self-administrable biotherapeutics for IBD would enable home-based treatment and reduce the burden on medical infrastructure. Self-administration is made possible through subcutaneous injectable, oral, and rectal dosage forms.

alpha toxin enteritis associated with pulmonary disease in a neotropical otter (, Olfers, 1818) under human care.

alpha toxin (CPA) is an important enterotoxemic pathogen linked to gastrointestinal disorders and previously associated with pulmonary disease in other mammals. A young female neotropical otter presented with lethargy, anorexia and steatorrhea, which developed within 24 hours. Veterinary care was provided under anesthesia, during which dehydration, intestinal hypermotility and pulmonary crackling sounds were identified.

Prompt Initiation of Maternal Antiretroviral Therapy After HIV Seroconversion in Pregnancy Effectively Prevents Vertical Transmission and Other Adverse Infant Outcomes.

From January 2008 to December 2018, 1348 HIV-exposed infants were born in Porto Alegre, Brazil; 18.8% had adverse infant outcomes (AIO) including vertical transmission (1.9%), stillbirth/neonatal death (4.

Maternal swimming with overload allied to postnatal high-fat, high-sugar diet induce subtle impairment on rat offspring's ovarian redox homeostasis.

Context The Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) concept suggests that early-life interventions significantly influence the long-term health outcomes of offspring. Emerging evidence supports that maternal physical exercise and balanced nutrition can positively impact the health of the next generation. Aims This study investigated the effects of maternal swimming combined with postnatal high-fat, high-sugar (HFHS) diet on the ovarian health of adult female Wistar rat offspring.

Impacts of Anabolic-androgenic steroid supplementation on female health and offspring: Mechanisms, side effects, and medical perspectives.

The increasing prevalence of Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) among women, driven by the pursuit of improved body aesthetics, characterized by higher lean mass and reduced adipose tissue, raises significant health concerns, particularly due to the limited knowledge regarding their effects on the female organism. Prolonged use and/or high doses of AAS are linked to various harmful side effects, including mood changes, psychiatric disorders, voice deepening, clitoromegaly, menstrual irregularities, and cardiovascular complications, prompting medical societies to discourage their widespread use due to insufficient evidence supporting their safety and efficacy. Studies in female rodents have shown that AAS can lead to increased aggression, inflammation, reduced neuronal density, and negative impacts on the myocardium and blood vessels.

Using population register data and capture-recapture models to estimate over-coverage in Sweden.

Over-coverage occurs when individuals who reside in a country leave or pass away, and this demographic event is not recorded in population registers, leading to population size overestimation. This problem can have important policy and decision-making consequences. With the increased reliance on incomplete but overlapping official registers for documenting whole populations or subgroups of populations, there is a need for more sophisticated modelling techniques that reliably estimate population size, and hence over-coverage, from such registers.

Optimizing extrusion processes and understanding conformational changes in itraconazole amorphous solid dispersions using in-line UV-Vis spectroscopy and QbD principles.

This paper presents a comprehensive investigation of the manufacturing of itraconazole (ITZ) amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) with Kolllidon® VA64 (KVA64) using hot-melt extrusion (HME) and in-line process monitoring, employing a Quality by Design (QbD) approach. A sequential Design of Experiments (DoE) strategy was utilized to optimize the manufacturing process, with in-line UV-Vis spectroscopy providing real-time monitoring. The first DoE used a fractional factorial screening design to evaluate critical process parameters (CPPs), revealing that ITZ concentration had the most significant impact on the product quality attributes.

Sex Differences in Patients with Stroke: A Hospital-Based Multicenter Prospective Study in Brazil.

Introduction: Stroke in Brazil disproportionately affects women, despite men having higher age-adjusted incidence and mortality rates. Women's longer lifespan contributes to their increased stroke burden, particularly among older individuals.

Objective: This study examines sex disparities in stroke epidemiology and treatment in Fortaleza, Brazil, addressing the lack of sex-specific stroke data.

Association of atrial fibrillation with lamotrigine: An observational cohort study.

Background: Drug-induced atrial fibrillation (AF) is recognized as an important causal association. Lamotrigine (LTG) is a widely prescribed neurological agent with Class IB antiarrhythmic properties at therapeutically relevant concentrations. The United States Food and Drug Administration has issued a warning for a higher risk of LTG proarrhythmic events in patients with structural heart disease (SHD) and/or myocardial ischemia.

Targeting effective treatment to cutaneous Leishmaniasis: A preclinical investigation on photodynamic therapy mediated by the water-soluble Zn(II) porphyrin, ZnTnHex-2-PyP.

The current chemotherapy for cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is accompanied by side effects and drug resistance emergence, encouraging the proposal of new treatment approaches for this disease. ZnTnHex-2-PyP (ZnP hexyl) is a water-soluble Zn(II) porphyrin that exhibits remarkable potential for photodynamic therapy (PDT). This study aimed to investigate the ZnP hexyl-PDT against CL in vivo.

Winner-loser plant trait replacements in human-modified tropical forests.

Anthropogenic landscape modification may lead to the proliferation of a few species and the loss of many. Here we investigate mechanisms and functional consequences of this winner-loser replacement in six human-modified Amazonian and Atlantic Forest regions in Brazil using a causal inference framework. Combining floristic and functional trait data for 1,207 tree species across 271 forest plots, we find that forest loss consistently caused an increased dominance of low-density woods and small seeds dispersed by endozoochory (winner traits) and the loss of distinctive traits, such as extremely dense woods and large seeds dispersed by synzoochory (loser traits).

Biochemical basis and therapeutic potential of mitochondrial uncoupling in cardiometabolic syndrome.

Mild uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation is an intrinsic property of all mitochondria, allowing for adjustments in cellular energy metabolism to maintain metabolic homeostasis. Small molecule uncouplers have been extensively studied for their potential to increase metabolic rate, and recent research has focused on developing safe and effective mitochondrial uncoupling agents for the treatment of obesity and cardiometabolic syndrome (CMS). Here, we provide a brief overview of CMS and cover the recent mechanisms by which chemical uncouplers regulate CMS-associated risk-factors and comorbidities, including dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, steatotic liver disease, type 2 diabetes, and atherosclerosis.