EEG before chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy and early after onset of immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome.

Background: Immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) is common after chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the impact of preinfusion electroencephalography (EEG) abnormalities and EEG findings at ICANS onset for predicting ICANS risk and severity in 56 adult patients with refractory lymphoma undergoing CAR-T therapy.

Study Design: EEGs were conducted at the time of lymphodepleting chemotherapy and shortly after onset of ICANS.

ABLE: Automated Brain Lines Extraction Based on Laplacian Surface Collapse.

The archetypical folded shape of the human cortex has been a long-standing topic for neuroscientific research. Nevertheless, the accurate neuroanatomical segmentation of sulci remains a challenge. Part of the problem is the uncertainty of where a sulcus transitions into a gyrus and vice versa.

Longitudinal Allometry of Sulcal Morphology in Health and Schizophrenia.

Scaling between subcomponents of folding and total brain volume (TBV) in healthy individuals (HIs) is allometric. It is unclear whether this is true in schizophrenia (SZ) or first-episode psychosis (FEP). This study confirmed normative allometric scaling norms in HIs using discovery and replication samples.

Sex Differences in Lifespan Trajectories and Variability of Human Sulcal and Gyral Morphology.

Sex differences in the development and aging of human sulcal morphology have been understudied. We charted sex differences in trajectories and inter-individual variability of global sulcal depth, width, and length, pial surface area, exposed (hull) gyral surface area, unexposed sulcal surface area, cortical thickness, gyral span, and cortex volume across the lifespan in a longitudinal sample (700 scans, 194 participants 2 scans, 104 three scans, age range: 16-70 years) of neurotypical males and females. After adjusting for brain volume, females had thicker cortex and steeper thickness decline until age 40 years; trajectories converged thereafter.

Neocortical Age and Fluid Ability: Greater Accelerated Brain Aging for Thickness, but Smaller for Surface Area, in High Cognitive Ability Individuals.

Biological (BA) and chronological (CA) age may or may not fit. The available evidence reveals remarkable individual differences in the overlap/mismatch between BA and CA. Increased mismatch can be interpreted as delayed (BA/CA < 1) or accelerated biological aging (BA/CA > 1).

Brain resilience across the general cognitive ability distribution: Evidence from structural connectivity.

Resting state functional connectivity research has shown that general cognitive ability (GCA) is associated with brain resilience to targeted and random attacks (TAs and RAs). However, it remains to be seen if the finding generalizes to structural connectivity. Furthermore, individuals showing performance levels at the very high area of the GCA distribution have not yet been analyzed in this regard.

Dissimilarity in Sulcal Width Patterns in the Cortex can be Used to Identify Patients With Schizophrenia With Extreme Deficits in Cognitive Performance.

Schizophrenia is a biologically complex disorder with multiple regional deficits in cortical brain morphology. In addition, interindividual heterogeneity of cortical morphological metrics is larger in patients with schizophrenia when compared to healthy controls. Exploiting interindividual differences in the severity of cortical morphological deficits in patients instead of focusing on group averages may aid in detecting biologically informed homogeneous subgroups.

Changes in Chemokines and Chemokine Receptors Expression in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease.

The amyloid precursor protein plus presenilin-1 (APP/PS1) mice are a frequently-used model for Alzheimer's disease studies (AD). However, the data relevant to which proteins are involved in inflammatory mechanism are not sufficiently well-studied using the AD mouse model. Using behavioral studies, quantitative RT-PCR and Western-blot techniques, significant findings were determined by the expression of proteins involved in inflammation comparing APP/PS1 and Wild type mice.

Neuroanatomical deficits shared by youth with autism spectrum disorders and psychotic disorders.

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and early-onset psychosis (EOP) are neurodevelopmental disorders that share genetic, clinical and cognitive facets; it is unclear if these disorders also share spatially overlapping cortical thickness (CT) and surface area (SA) abnormalities. MRI scans of 30 ASD, 29 patients with early-onset first-episode psychosis (EO-FEP) and 26 typically developing controls (TD) (age range 10-18 years) were analyzed by the FreeSurfer suite to calculate vertex-wise estimates of CT, SA, and cortical volume. Two publicly available datasets of ASD and EOP (age range 7-18 years and 5-17 years, respectively) were used for replication analysis.

Algorithms for Lightweight Key Exchange.

Public-key cryptography is too slow for general purpose encryption, with most applications limiting its use as much as possible. Some secure protocols, especially those that enable forward secrecy, make a much heavier use of public-key cryptography, increasing the demand for lightweight cryptosystems that can be implemented in low powered or mobile devices. This performance requirements are even more significant in critical infrastructure and emergency scenarios where peer-to-peer networks are deployed for increased availability and resiliency.

[Therapeutic plasma exchange: applications in neurology].

Introduction: Plasma exchange is a technique used in the treatment of some neurological autoimmune disorders since the 80s, especially in acute conditions. In recent years new data about it use has been published in many diseases with autoimmune basis, expanding the range of use of this technique.

Aim: To update the current indications of this technique in the treatment of neurological diseases.

Epidemiological aspects of vertigo in the general population of the Autonomic Region of Valencia, Spain.

Conclusion: Vertigo, defined as an illusion of unequivocal rotatory motion, is a common symptom in the general population that frequently requires individuals to seek medical attention in a primary care centre.

Objectives: To evaluate the annual incidence of patients who suffer vertigo, and to examine some of the variables associated, in a sample of the general population of the Autonomic Region of Valencia, Spain.

Subjects And Methods: The study was designed as an observational, incidence study.

Topiramate in the prophylactic treatment of cluster headache.

Objective: The role of topiramate in the prophylactic treatment of cluster headache is still unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of topiramate in a group of patients with refractory episodic or chronic cluster headache.

Background: Proof of efficacy of preventive treatment of cluster headache is limited, especially for the chronic form of the disorder.

[Cerebrovascular disease in young adults. A study of its course in 167 patients].

Introduction: Few studies have been made of the prognosis of ictus in the young adult. The objective of this paper is to study the short term evolution of 167 patients, aged between 15 and 45 years, with cerebral vascular disease.

Material And Methods: Since 1986 a protocolized study has been made of all patients aged between 15 and 45 who were admitted to the Neurology Department of the Hospital General Universitario in Valencia for a cerebral vascular incident.

[Hospital stay after cerebral hemorrhage].

Introduction And Objectives: Patients with intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) make up 10-12% of the total number of patients admitted to hospital. In this paper we evaluate the period of time during which the maximum benefit is obtained by a patient with this type of ictus.

Development And Conclusions: We therefore review the aetiology, physiopathological course and complications of HIC in order to better understand the circumstances which affect the average hospital stay and identify the factors which can be acted upon and when to do so.

[Cerebral hemorrhage after carotid endarterectomy in a young adult].

Introduction: Cerebral haemorrhage after carotid endarterectomy is a rare complication. It follows 0.5% to 20% of all endarterectomies, but should be borne in mind because of the morbidity and mortality seen in most cases.

[Intake patterns of analgesics in patients with headache who came to the neurologist].

We have analysed the pattern of analgesic use in a group of patients that came for the first time to the neurologist. We have examined the first intention analgesic use in patients with headache, before the therapeutic intervention of the neurologist. During a month, we have followed a group of 40 patients.

[Oligoamnios associated with the use of magnesium dipyrone].

Oligohydramnios induced by indomethacin has been documented both clinically and experimentally. The same is not true for all the drugs inhibiting the synthesis of prostaglandins. The case of a full term pregnant woman diagnosed with renal cholic and treated with high doses of magnesium dipyrone who developed echographically diagnosed oligohydramnios at 60 h of initiation of the treatment is presented.

Fulminant subarachnoidal hemorrhage and coma subsequent to sudden-presenting hypertension.

An unusual case of pre-eclampsia is presented, where a previously normotensive primigravida suddenly developed hypertension which evolved to subarachnoidal hemorrhage and coma within minutes. Delivery by cesarean section was followed by progressive and complete recovery in the next few days.

[Fetal cardiac arrhythmia characterized by Doppler echocardiography].

A fetal arrhythmia was detected in a pregnant woman. Fetal Doppler-echocardiography did not reveal cardiac structural alterations; the Doppler flow velocity recordings at the level of the left ventricular outflow tract revealed the continuous succession of three cardiac cycles: a prolonged cycle (456 +/- 6 ms, mean of five measurements), a medium duration cycle (428 +/- 4 ms) and a short cycle (296 +/- 4 ms) after which the prolonged cycle repeated. Identification of the late ventricle filling phase of the atrial systole in the Doppler flow velocity waveform during the long and medium duration cycles, the detection of the systolic movement of the atrial walls preceding contraction of the ventricle walls during the shortest cycle and the verification that summation of the shortest and longest cycles was inferior to twice the intervening cycle, supported the idea that the arrhythmia was produced by frequent atrial premature contractions (one every two sinus beats).