Ophthalmologic Manifestations in Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to describe the ophthalmologic manifestations found in patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and to assess their prevalence in the different types of ASD.

Materials And Methods: This prospective observational study included 344 patients with ASD seen over a period of 8.5 years.

No association between the use of Bti for mosquito control and the dynamics of non-target aquatic invertebrates in French coastal and continental wetlands.

The environmental safety of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (Bti) is still controversial, mainly because most of the previous field studies on its undesired effects were spatially limited and did not address the relationship between community similarity and application time and frequency. No general statement can therefore be drawn on the usage conditions of Bti that insure protection of non-target organisms.

A new oral formulation of tiapride (drops): pharmacokinetic profile and therapeutic applications.

Tiapride is a substituted benzamide widely used in the management of agitation and aggressiveness in the elderly. The development of an oral solution is of particular interest in geriatric medicine and in patients with difficulties swallowing solid formulations. The bioequivalence between a sweetened, flavoured oral drop and tablet forms of tiapride was investigated in a crossover design in 18 healthy male volunteers after a 100mg single-dose administration of each formulation.

Variations in schedules of ifosfamide administration: a better understanding of its implications on pharmacokinetics through a randomized cross-over study.

Purpose: The metabolism of ifosfamide is a delicate balance between a minor activation pathway (4-hydroxylation) and a mainly toxification pathway (N-dechloroethylation), and there remains uncertainty as to the optimal intravenous schedule.

Methods: This study assesses ifosfamide pharmacokinetics (PK) according to two standard schedules. Using a 1:1 randomized trial design, we prospectively evaluated ifosfamide PK on two consecutive cycles of 3 g/m2/day for 3 days (9 g/m2/cycle) given in one of two schedules either by continuous infusion (CI) or short (3 h) infusion.

Mizolastine in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis: a European clinical experience with 5408 patients managed in daily practice (PANEOS SAR Study).

Background: Mizolastine, a potent H1 antihistamine with additional antiallergic properties, is marketed for the treatment of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and urticaria. The objective was to investigate the safety and effectiveness of mizolastine under conditions of daily practice in patients with seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (SAR).

Methods: In an open multicenter study, mizolastine 10 mg daily was administered for 14 days during the pollen season.

Postvoid residual urine in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia: pooled analysis of eleven controlled studies with alfuzosin.

Objectives: A pooled analysis was conducted in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia to examine the relationship between the postvoid residual urine (PVR) volume and various clinical characteristics and to assess the effect of alfuzosin, a clinically uroselective alpha(1)-blocker, on PVR volume and any other associated outcome.

Methods: Nine hundred fifty-three patients, 42 to 89 years old, with a baseline PVR volume between 50 and 350 mL (mean 106 mL) were enrolled in 11 double-blind controlled studies and received either alfuzosin (n = 607) or placebo (n = 346) for 1 to 6 months. The relationships between the baseline PVR volume measured by transabdominal ultrasound and age, symptoms, maximum flow rate (Qmax), estimated bladder capacity, and prostate-specific antigen level were assessed.

Diltiazem in acute myocardial infarction treated with thrombolytic agents: a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Incomplete Infarction Trial of European Research Collaborators Evaluating Prognosis post-Thrombolysis (INTERCEPT).

Background: Diltiazem reduces non-fatal reinfarction and refractory ischaemia after non-Q-wave myocardial infarction, an acute coronary syndrome similar to the incomplete infarction that occurs after successful reperfusion. We postulated that this agent would reduce cardiac events in patients after acute myocardial infarction treated initially with thrombolytic agents-a clinical application previously unexplored with heart-rate-lowering calcium antagonists.

Methods: A prospective, randomised, double-blind, sequential trial was done in 874 patients with acute myocardial infarction, but without congestive heart failure, who first received thrombolytic agents.

[Stability of 5-fluorouracil-folinic acid mixture: influence of concentrations, container and form of folinic acid].

Since the discovery of the superiority of the combination 5-fluorouracil (5FU)-folinic acid (FA) in comparison to 5FU alone in the treatment of gastrointestinal cancers, the interest of this association has been demonstrated in many other tumors. In the treatment of advanced colorectal carcinoma, FA is usually administered in 1 or 2 h infusion before 5FU. In treatment of other cancers, the two drugs are generally mixed together in the same container and administered as a continuous intravenous infusion over several days.

Clinical uroselectivity: evidence from patients treated with slow-release alfuzosin for symptomatic benign prostatic obstruction.

Objective: To assess the safety profile of slow-release (SR) alfuzosin in the treatment of benign prostatic obstruction (BPO), with special attention to orthostatic blood pressure changes, postural symptoms and efficacy.

Patients And Methods: Two placebo-controlled studies involving 588 patients (292 receiving SR alfuzosin 5 mg twice daily and 296 a placebo) were pooled; 51% of the patients were > or = 65 years of age and 43% had associated cardiovascular disease including hypertension and/or were receiving concomitant antihypertensive drugs.

Results: SR alfuzosin was very well tolerated with an overall incidence of adverse events similar to that of placebo (18.

Phenobarbital administration does not affect high-dose ifosfamide pharmacokinetics in humans.

Ten patients (three males and seven females) were treated for sarcoma with high-dose ifosfamide (IFO) according to a 4 g/m2 1 h i.v. infusion schedule every day for 3 days.

Abnormal theta response to nociceptive stimuli during sleep EEG in children with febrile convulsions and control children.

Nociceptive stimuli were tested in 373 sleep EEG from 349 children with febrile convulsions and 50 control children (mean age: 2.54 and 2.05 years, respectively).

Design of a placebo-controlled clinical trial of long-acting diltiazem and aspirin versus aspirin alone in patients receiving thrombolysis with a first acute myocardial infarction. Incomplete Infarction Trial of European Research Collaborators Evaluating Prognosis Post-Thrombolysis (diltiazem) (INTERCEPT) Research Group.

Several pharmacologic forms of adjunctive therapy, designed to enhance the efficacy of thrombolysis following acute myocardial infarction (AMI), are being explored. However, few studies have assessed the use of standard secondary prevention therapies (beta-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, magnesium, calcium antagonists, etc.) for antecedent thrombolysis.

Zolpidem in insomnia: a 3-year post-marketing surveillance study in Switzerland.

A multicentre post-marketing surveillance study was conducted in Switzerland in routine practice and involved 1972 insomniac patients treated with zolpidem, an imidazopyridine hypnotic agent. The patients were representative of the general insomniac population (65% women; mean age 55 years; 29% over 65). Of the patients, 87% were treated with a zolpidem dosage of 10 mg/day and the median treatment duration was 30 days.

Belgian multicenter clinical study of alfuzosin, a selective alpha 1-blocker, in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. The Alfuzosin Belgian Group.

The effects of alfuzosin, a potent alpha 1-blocker, were assessed in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia, in a double-blind, multicenter, placebo-controlled, cross-over study. Treatment duration was 4 weeks for both alfuzosin and placebo. A significant beneficial effect of alfuzosin (7.

Headache and painful lymphadenopathy in extracranial or systemic infection: etiology of new daily persistent headaches.

From 108 cases of new daily persistent headaches, clinical or laboratory evidence was found suggesting extracranial or systemic infections in: 28 cases (25.9%) of gastrointestinal mainly Salmonella, 28 (25.9%) urinary Coli, 16 (14.

A double-blind comparison of perindopril and hydrochlorothiazide-amiloride in mild to moderate essential hypertension.

The aim of this 3-month double-blind multicenter trial was to compare the antihypertensive efficacy and tolerability of the ACE inhibitor perindopril with those of a diuretic combination. After 1 month of receiving placebo, 165 patients with essential hypertension were randomised to perindopril 4 mg (n = 82) or to 50 mg hydrochlorothiazide + 5 mg amiloride (n = 83). The patients were treated for 3 months with monthly assessments, "uncontrolled" patients (DBP greater than 90 mm Hg) had their dosage doubled and then, if necessary, atenolol 50 mg was added.

A double blind comparison of perindopril and atenolol in essential hypertension.

A multicentre randomised double-blind trial was performed in order to compare the therapeutic efficacy and acceptability of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor perindopril with those of atenolol in mild to moderate hypertension. After one month of placebo, 173 patients with supine diastolic blood pressure (DBP) between 95 and 125 mmHg were randomised to receive perindopril 4 mg once daily or atenolol 50 mg once daily. Monthly assessments were made for three months.

[Long-term decrease of microalbuminuria after one year of treatment with perindopril in hypertensive diabetic patients].

We studied the effects of perindopril, an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor administered during 12 months, on creatinine clearance, albuminuria and glycaemic control in diabetic subjects with mild to moderate hypertension. After 1 month placebo, 40 insulin-treated patients were divided into 3 groups based upon their urinary albumin excretion rate. Group 1 had a normoalbuminuria (less than 15 mg/24 h), group II had a microalbuminuria (15-150 mg/24 h) and group III had a macroproteinuria (greater than 150 mg/24 h and Albustix +).

Vascular effects of intravenous infusion of the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor perindoprilat.

This study was aimed at evaluating the hemodynamic changes after acute inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system in hypertensive patients. Twenty-one subjects with essential hypertension were randomized into three groups of seven subjects each. In group I, the direct vascular vasodilator dihydralazine was administered at a dose of 4 micrograms/kg per min.

Nocturnal oscillations in plasma renin activity during sleep in hypertensive patients: the influence of perindopril.

In previous studies, we established a strong concordance between nocturnal oscillations in plasma renin activity (PRA) and REM-NREM sleep cycles. To determine whether this relation persists in the case of moderate essential hypertension and if it is influenced by antihypertensive therapies affecting renin release, six normal subjects and six hypertensive patients were studied. The normal subjects underwent one control night.

Systemic and regional hemodynamic interactions of perindopril and nitrendipine in the spontaneously hypertensive rat.

Adult spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were daily treated for 2 weeks with perindopril [an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor] and nitrendipine (a calcium antagonist) alone or in combination. Blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), and diuresis were assessed weekly in conscious rats, and systemic and regional hemodynamics were investigated by the microsphere technique at the end of the treatment in anesthetized rats. Both perindopril (2 mg.

Long term reduction of microalbuminuria after 1 year of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition by perindopril in hypertensive insulin-treated diabetic patients.

We studied the effects of perindopril, an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor administered during 12 months, on creatinine clearance, albuminuria and glycaemic control in diabetic subjects with mild to moderate hypertension. After 1 month placebo, 40 insulin-treated patients were divided into 3 groups based upon their urinary albumin excretion rate (AER). Group I had a normoalbuminuria (AER less than 15 mg/24 h), group II had a microalbuminuria (AER : 15-150 mg/24 h) and group III had a macroproteinuria (AER greater than 150 mg/24 h and Albustix (+)).

The effect of perindopril and hydrochlorothiazide alone and in combination on blood pressure and on the renin-angiotensin system in hypertensive subjects.

The pharmacodynamic effects and acceptability of perindopril (4 mg daily) and hydrochlorothiazide (25 mg daily) given alone or in combination for 1 month were investigated in a double-blind, placebo controlled, parallel group study. The pharmacokinetics of perindopril and its active metabolite perindoprilat and the time course of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition were studied for 72 h following the last dose of treatment in the two appropriate groups. Similar decreases in blood pressure were seen 24 h after the last dose of perindopril or hydrochlorothiazide (11/7 mm Hg supine) given alone at these doses.