Incidence of Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease After Bariatric Surgery in Older Patients.

Importance: Bariatric surgery is associated with decreased risk of obesity-related cancer and cardiovascular disease but is typically reserved for patients younger than 60 years. Whether these associations hold for patients who undergo surgery at older ages is uncertain.

Objective: To determine whether bariatric surgery is associated with a decreased risk of obesity-related cancer and cardiovascular disease in patients who underwent surgery at age 60 years or older.

Chromatin plasticity predetermines neuronal eligibility for memory trace formation.

Memories are encoded by sparse populations of neurons but how such sparsity arises remains largely unknown. We found that a neuron's eligibility to be recruited into the memory trace depends on its epigenetic state prior to encoding. Principal neurons in the mouse lateral amygdala display intrinsic chromatin plasticity, which when experimentally elevated favors neuronal allocation into the encoding ensemble.

Anticancer effect of minor phytocannabinoids in preclinical models of multiple myeloma.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a blood cancer caused by uncontrolled growth of clonal plasmacells. Bone disease is responsible for the severe complications of MM and is caused by myeloma cells infiltrating the bone marrow and inducing osteoclast activation. To date, no treatment for MM is truly curative since patients relapse and become refractory to all drug classes.

Risk of Esophageal Adenocarcinoma After Helicobacter pylori Eradication Treatment in a Population-Based Multinational Cohort Study.

Background & Aims: Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with a decreased risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma, and the decreasing prevalence of such infection might contribute to the increasing incidence of this tumor. We examined the hypothesis that eradication treatment of H pylori increases the risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma.

Methods: This population-based multinational cohort, entitled "Nordic Helicobacter Pylori Eradication Project (NordHePEP)," included all adults (≥18 years) receiving H pylori eradication treatment from 1995-2018 in any of the 5 Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden) with follow-up throughout 2019.

Cannabigerol Induces Autophagic Cell Death by Inhibiting EGFR-RAS Pathways in Human Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Cell Lines.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most frequent infiltrating type of pancreatic cancer. The poor prognosis associated with this cancer is due to the absence of specific biomarkers, aggressiveness, and treatment resistance. PDAC is a deadly malignancy bearing distinct genetic alterations, the most common being those that result in cancer-causing versions of the KRAS gene.

Antireflux Surgery Versus Antireflux Medication and Risk of Esophageal Adenocarcinoma in Patients With Barrett's Esophagus.

Background & Aims: Antireflux treatment is recommended to reduce esophageal adenocarcinoma in patients with Barrett's esophagus. Antireflux surgery (fundoplication) counteracts gastroesophageal reflux of all types of carcinogenic gastric content and reduces esophageal acid exposure to a greater extent than antireflux medication (eg, proton pump inhibitors). We examined the hypothesis that antireflux surgery prevents esophageal adenocarcinoma to a larger degree than antireflux medication in patients with Barrett's esophagus.

Decreased Risk of Esophageal Adenocarcinoma After Gastric Bypass Surgery in a Cohort Study From 3 Nordic Countries.

Objective: The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that bariatric surgery decreases the risk of esophageal and cardia adenocarcinoma.

Background: Obesity is strongly associated with esophageal adenocarcinoma and moderately with cardia adenocarcinoma, but whether weight loss prevents these tumors is unknown.

Methods: This population-based cohort study included patients with an obesity diagnosis in Sweden, Finland, or Denmark.

Proton pump inhibitor use and risk of pneumonia: a self-controlled case series study.

Background: Recent research indicates that use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) is associated with pneumonia, but existing evidence is inconclusive because of methodological issues. This study aimed to answer whether PPI-use increases risk of pneumonia while taking the methodological concerns of previous research into account.

Methods: This population-based and nationwide Swedish study conducted in 2005-2019 used a self-controlled case series design.

Magnitude and Time-Trends of Post-Endoscopy Esophageal Adenocarcinoma and Post-Endoscopy Esophageal Neoplasia in a Population-Based Cohort Study: The Nordic Barrett's Esophagus Study.

Background & Aims: Post-endoscopy esophageal adenocarcinoma (PEEC) and post-endoscopy esophageal neoplasia (PEEN) undermine early cancer detection in Barrett's esophagus (BE). We aimed to assess the magnitude and conduct time-trend analysis of PEEC and PEEN among patients with newly diagnosed BE.

Methods: This population-based cohort study was conducted in Denmark, Finland, and Sweden between 2006 and 2020 and included 20,588 patients with newly diagnosed BE.

Temporal Changes in Obesity-Related Medication After Bariatric Surgery vs No Surgery for Obesity.

Importance: Bariatric surgery can resolve hyperlipidemia, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes, but the long-term postoperative trajectories of medications for these conditions are unknown.

Objective: To clarify the long-term use of lipid-lowering, cardiovascular, and antidiabetic medication after bariatric surgery compared with no surgery for morbid obesity.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This population-based cohort study took place in Sweden (2005-2020) and Finland (1995-2018) and included individuals diagnosed with obesity.

Prediction of conditional survival in esophageal cancer in a population-based cohort study.

Background: The authors aimed to produce a prediction model for survival at any given date after surgery for esophageal cancer (conditional survival), which has not been done previously.

Materials And Methods: Using joint density functions, the authors developed and validated a prediction model for all-cause and disease-specific mortality after surgery with esophagectomy, for esophageal cancer, conditional on postsurgery survival time. The model performance was assessed by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and risk calibration, with internal cross-validation.

Calcium influx, oxidative stress, and apoptosis induced by TRPV1 in chronic myeloid leukemia cells: Synergistic effects with imatinib.

Calcium flux is the master second messenger that influences the proliferation-apoptosis balance. The ability of calcium flux alterations to reduce cell growth makes ion channels interesting targets for therapy. Among all, we focused on transient receptor potential vanilloid 1, a ligand-gated cation channel with selectivity for calcium.

Role of Clock Genes and Circadian Rhythm in Renal Cell Carcinoma: Recent Evidence and Therapeutic Consequences.

Circadian rhythm regulates cellular differentiation and physiology and shapes the immune response. Altered expression of clock genes might lead to the onset of common malignant cancers, including Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC). Data from Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) indicate that clock genes , , , and are overexpressed in RCC tissues and correlate with patients' prognosis.

TRPML2 Mucolipin Channels Drive the Response of Glioma Stem Cells to Temozolomide and Affect the Overall Survival in Glioblastoma Patients.

The survival of patients with glioblastoma (GBM) is poor. The main cause is the presence of glioma stem cells (GSCs), exceptionally resistant to temozolomide (TMZ) treatment. This last may be related to the heterogeneous expression of ion channels, among them TRPML2.

Nutritional metabolism and cerebral bioenergetics in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias.

Disturbances in the brain's capacity to meet its energy demand increase the risk of synaptic loss, neurodegeneration, and cognitive decline. Nutritional and metabolic interventions that target metabolic pathways combined with diagnostics to identify deficits in cerebral bioenergetics may therefore offer novel therapeutic potential for Alzheimer's disease (AD) prevention and management. Many diet-derived natural bioactive components can govern cellular energy metabolism but their effects on brain aging are not clear.

Bariatric surgery volume by hospital and long-term survival: population-based NordOSCo data.

Background: It is unclear whether annual hospital volume of bariatric surgery influences the long-term survival of individuals who undergo surgery for severe obesity. The hypothesis that higher annual hospital volume of bariatric surgery is associated with better long-term survival was evaluated.

Methods: This retrospective population-based study included patients who underwent bariatric surgery in Sweden and Finland between 1989 and 2020.

Cohort profile: Nordic Helicobacter Pylori eradication project (NordHePEP).

Purpose: This cohort description presents the Nordic Helicobacter Pylori Eradication Project (NordHePEP), a population-based cohort of patients having received eradication treatment for Helicobacter pylori (HP). The cohort is created with the main purpose of examining whether and to what extent HP eradication treatment influences the risk of gastrointestinal cancer.

Participants: NordHePEP includes all adults (aged ≥18 years) having been prescribed and dispensed HP eradication treatment according to the nationwide complete drug registries in any of the five Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, or Sweden) between 1994 and 2020 (start and end year varies between countries).

Changes in active-site geometry on X-ray photoreduction of a lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase active-site copper and saccharide binding.

The recently discovered lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) are Cu-containing enzymes capable of degrading polysaccharide substrates oxidatively. The generally accepted first step in the LPMO reaction is the reduction of the active-site metal ion from Cu to Cu. Here we have used a systematic diffraction data collection method to monitor structural changes in two AA9 LPMOs, one from (AA9_A) and one from (AA9_A), as the active-site Cu is photoreduced in the X-ray beam.