One-Pot Self-Assembly of Dinuclear, Tetranuclear, and H-Bonding-Directed Polynuclear Cobalt(II), Cobalt(III), and Mixed-Valence Co(II)/Co(III) Complexes of Schiff Base Ligands with Incomplete Double Cubane Core.

The reaction of 2,6-diformyl-4-methylphenol (DFMF) with 1-amino-2-propanol (AP) and tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (THMAM) was investigated in the presence of Cobalt(II) salts, (X = ClO, CHCO, Cl, NO), sodium azide (NaN), and triethylamine (TEA). In one pot, the variation in Cobalt(II) salt results in the self-assembly of dinuclear, tetranuclear, and H-bonding-directed polynuclear coordination complexes of Cobalt(III), Cobalt(II), and mixed-valence CoCo: [Co(HL)(AP)(N)](ClO) (), [Co(HL)(µ-1,1,1-N)(µ-1,1-N)Cl(CHOH)]·4CHOH (), [CoCo(HL)(µ-CHCO)(µ-OH)](NO)·2CHCHOH (), and [CoCo (HL1)(THMAM)](NO) (). In , two cobalt(III) ions are connected via three single atom bridges; two from deprotonated ethanolic oxygen atoms in the side arms of the ligands and one from the1-amino-2-propanol moiety forming a dinuclear unit with a very short (2.

Self-Assembly of Antiferromagnetically-Coupled Copper(II) Supramolecular Architectures with Diverse Structural Complexities.

The self-assembly of 2,6-diformyl-4-methylphenol () and 1-amino-2-propanol ()/2-amino-1,3-propanediol () in the presence of copper(II) ions results in the formation of six new supramolecular architectures containing two versatile double Schiff base ligands (HL and HL1) with one-, two-, or three-dimensional structures involving diverse nuclearities: tetranuclear [Cu(HL)(N)]·4CHOH·56HO () and [Cu(L)(OH)(HO)] (), dinuclear [Cu(HL1)(N)(HO)(NO)] (), polynuclear {[Cu(HL1)(HO)(BF)(N)]·HO} (), heptanuclear [Cu(HL1)(O)(CHCO)]·6CHOH·44HO (), and decanuclear [Cu(HL1)(O)(OH)(CHCO)] (CHCO)·20HO (). X-ray studies have revealed that the basic building block in , , and is comprised of two copper centers bridged through one μ-phenolate oxygen atom from HL or HL1, and one μ-1,1-azido (N) ion and in , , and by μ-phenoxide oxygen of L or HL1 and μ-O or μ-O ions. H-bonding involving coordinated/uncoordinated hydroxy groups of the ligands generates fascinating supramolecular architectures with 1D-single chains ( and ), 2D-sheets (), and 3D-structures ().

Antiferromagnetically Coupled Dimeric Dodecacopper Supramolecular Architectures of Macrocyclic Ligands with a Symmetrical μ6-BO3(3-) Central Moiety.

Reactions between 2,6-diformyl-4-alkyl(R)-phenol (R = CH3 or C(CH3)3) and 1,3-diamino-2-hydroxypropane (1,3-DAP) in the presence of copper(II) salts (Cu(BF4)2·6H2O, Cu(ClO4)2·6H2O/H3BO3/Ar) and triethylamine (TEA) in a single pot result in self-assembly of dimeric dodecacopper supramolecular architectures of 30-membered hexatopic macrocyclic ligands (H6L4 and H6L5) with unique and fascinating structures having the BO3(3-) anion as the central species bonded to all six copper centers in a symmetrical fashion (μ6-BO3(3-)). A number of closely related macrocyclic hexacopper complexes are reported: {[Cu6(L4)(μ6-BO3)(μ-H2O)(C3H7NO)2(BF4)][BF4]2·3C3H7NO}2 (1) (DMF = C3H7NO), {[Cu6(L4)(μ6-BO3)(μ-C3H7NO)3][ClO4]3·3C3H7NO}2 (2), {[Cu6(L5)(μ6-BO3)(μ-OH)(H2O)3(C3H7NO)][BF4]2·6C3H7NO·4C2H5OH·2H2O}2 (3), {[Cu6(L5)(μ6-BO3)(μ-CH3OH)(CH3OH)2][ClO4]3·10H2O}2 (4), and {[Cu6(L5)(μ6-BO3)(μ-CH3CO2)(μ-CH3O)(CH3OH)][BF4]·13CH3OH·8H2O}2 (5). A polymeric side product {[Cu2(H2L2)(CH3OH)(BF4)][BF4]}n (6), involving a 2 + 2 macrocyclic ligand, was also isolated and structurally characterized.

Oligonuclear Fe complexes (Fe, Fe4, Fe6, Fe9) derived from tritopic pyridine bis-hydrazone ligands-structural, magnetic, and Mössbauer studies.

Tri-topic pyridine bis-hydrazone ligands produce polynuclear complexes with Fe(II) and Fe(III) salts with varying nuclearity and metal ion oxidation states. Mononuclear, tetranuclear, hexanuclear, and nonanuclear examples are discussed using structural, magnetic and Mössbauer data. In one case, although X-ray data suggest a [3 × 3] Fe9 grid (space group P42/n), careful examination of the structure, in conjunction with magnetic and Mössbauer data, indicates an unusual situation where the corner and center sites are present at unit occupancy, whereas side site occupancy is ∼0.

Polynuclear lanthanide (Ln) complexes of a tri-functional hydrazone ligand--mononuclear (Dy), dinuclear (Yb, Tm), tetranuclear (Gd), and hexanuclear (Gd, Dy, Tb) examples.

The lanthanide coordination chemistry of a tri-functional vanillin-hydrazone-oxime ligand reveals a variety of different products, depending on reaction conditions, with mono-nuclear (Dy), dinuclear (Yb, Tm), tetranuclear (Gd) and hexanuclear (Gd, Tb, Dy) examples. The Ln6 (Ln = Gd, Dy, Tb) complexes form in the presence of both triethylamine and acetic acid, and have unique, flat hexanuclear structures built on a μ3-O bridged triangular core, with the six lanthanide ions bridged further through μ-acetate and μ-Ohydrazone connections in an expanded fused triangular array. Similar reaction conditions with Yb(III) and Tm(III) lead preferentially to dinuclear systems, while in the presence of a competitive benzoate ligand a rectangular Gd4 complex results.

Structures and magnetic properties of an antiferromagnetically coupled polymeric copper(II) complex and ferromagnetically coupled hexanuclear nickel(II) clusters.

Reactions between 2,6-diformyl-4-methylphenol (DFMF) and tris(hydroxymethyl) aminomethane (THMAM = H(3)L2) in the presence of copper(II) salts, CuX(2) (X = CH(3)CO(2)(-), BF(4)(-), ClO(4)(-), Cl(-), NO(3)(-)) and Ni(CH(3)CO(2))(2) or Ni(ClO(4))(2)/NaC(6)H(5)CO(2), sodium azide (NaN(3)), and triethylamine (TEA), in one pot self-assemble giving a coordination polymer consisting of repeating pentanuclear copper(II) clusters {[Cu(2)(H(5)L(2-))(μ-N(3))](2)[Cu(N(3))(4)]·2CH(3)OH}(n) (1) and hexanuclear Ni(II) complexes [Ni(6)(H(3)L1(-))(2)(HL2(2-))(2)(μ-N(3))(4)(CH(3)CO(2))(2)]·6C(3)H(7)NO·C(2)H(5)OH (2) and [Ni(6)(H(3)L1(-))(2)(HL2(2-))(2)(μ-N(3))(4)(C(6)H(5)CO(2))(2)]·3C(3)H(7)NO·3H(2)O·CH(3)OH (3). In 1, H(5)L(2-) and in 2 and 3 H(3)L1(-) and HL2(2-) represent doubly deprotonated, singly deprotonated, and doubly deprotonated Schiff-base ligands H(7)L and H(4)L1 and a tripodal ligand H(3)L2, respectively. 1 has a novel double-stranded ladder-like structure in which [Cu(N(3))(4)](2-) anions link single chains comprised of dinuclear cationic subunits [Cu(2)(H(5)L(2-))(μ-N(3))](+), forming a 3D structure of interconnected ladders through H bonding.

Lanthanide complexes of tritopic bis(hydrazone) ligands: single-molecule magnet behavior in a linear Dy(III)3 complex.

Tritopic pyridinebis(hydrazone)-based ligands typically produce square M(9) [3 × 3] grid complexes with first-row transition-metal ions (e.g., M = Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn), but with larger lanthanide ions, such coordination motifs are not produced, and instead linear trinuclear complexes appear to be a preferred option.

Complexes of ditopic carbo- and thio-carbohydrazone ligands--mononuclear, 1D chain, dinuclear and tetranuclear examples.

Ligands based on carbo- and thio-carbohydrazone cores, modified with pyridine, carboxylate and oxime ends, have been examined. They display a tautomeric versatility based on the flexible nature of the hydrazone linkages, leading to varied coordination motifs. Examples of mononuclear (Co(II), Ni(II)), dinuclear (Co(III)), 1D chain (Cu(II)) and square [2 × 2] grid (Ni(II)) complexes are obtained.

Unexpected Ni(II) and Cu(II) polynuclear assemblies--a balance between ligand and metal ion coordination preferences.

Polytopic ligand design involves matching the coordination pocket composition with the metal ion coordination 'algorithm', but despite targeting [4 x 4] grids as the final outcome, metal ion preferences and ligand control can lead to widely varying complexes in the self-assembly process with Ni(II) and Cu(II).

Self-assembly of mixed-valence Co(II/III) and Ni(II) clusters: azide-bridged 1D single chain coordination polymers comprised of tetranuclear units, tetranuclear Co(II/III) complexes, ferromagnetically coupled azide-bridged tetranuclear, and hexanuclear Ni(II) complexes: synthesis, structural, and magnetic properties.

One-pot reactions between 2,6-diformyl-4-methylphenol (DFMP) and 2-aminoethanol (AE) in the presence of cobalt(II) salts [Co(ClO4)2, CoCl2, Co(CH3CO2)2, Co(NO3)2] and sodium azide result in the self-assembly of novel one-dimensional single chain mixed-valence cobalt coordination polymers {[Co2(II)Co2(III) (HL)2(OCH3)2(N3)3]ClO(4).5H2O.CH3OH}n (1), {[Co2(II)Co2(III) (HL)2(OCH3)2(N3)3]Cl.

Copper coordination polymers based on single-chain or sheet structures involving dinuclear and tetranuclear copper(II) units: synthesis, structures, and magnetostructural correlations.

Reactions between the potentially pentadentate (N(2)O(3)), trianionic double Schiff-base ligand 2,6-bis[[(2-hydroxyethyl)imino]methyl]-4-methylphenol (H(3)L) and Cu(CH(3)CO(2))(2) or Cu(ClO(4))(2), in the presence of NaN(3), give novel coordination polymers with chain {[Cu(2)(H(2)L)(N(3))(3)](2).H(2)O}(n) (1) or sheet [Cu(2)(H(2)L)(N(3))(3)](n) (2) and [Cu(2)(HL)(N(3))](n)[ClO(4)](n) (3) structures, respectively. These clusters are comprised of repeating dinuclear units (1) or their dimers (2 and 3).

Coordination "oligomers" in self-assembly reactions of some "tritopic" picolinic dihydrazone ligands-mononuclear, dinuclear, hexanuclear, heptanuclear, and nonanuclear examples.

"Tritopic" picolinic dihydrazone ligands with tridentate coordination pockets are designed to produce homoleptic [3 x 3] nonanuclear square grid complexes on reaction with transition-metal salts, and many structurally documented examples have been obtained with Mn(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) ions. However, other oligomeric complexes with smaller nuclearities have also been discovered and identified structurally in some reactions involving Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(II), and Cu(II), with certain tritopic ligands. This illustrates the dynamic nature of the metal-ligand interaction and the conformationally flexible nature of the ligands and points to the possible involvement of some of these species as intermediates in the [3 x 3] grid formation process.

Linear copper 'chain' complexes with bulky tritopic hydrazone ligands--structural and magnetic studies.

Tritopic 2,6-picolyl-bis-hydrazone ligands with bulky terminal groups derived from phenyl-pyridyl ketone do not form the expected [3 x 3] grids on reaction with copper(II), but instead form Cu8 'pinwheels', and in the present case linear trinuclear, pentanuclear and chain structures also. Direct bridging between copper ions occurs through micro2-N-N diazine groups, and longer O-C-N hydrazone connections, leading to moderately strong antiferromagnetic exchange between adjacent metal centres. Structural and magnetic properties are discussed in the context of specific orthogonal and non-orthogonal bridges, which can be distinguished and quantified.

Supramolecular self-assembled polynuclear complexes from tritopic, tetratopic, and pentatopic ligands: structural, magnetic and surface studies.

Polymetallic, highly organized molecular architectures can be created by "bottom-up" self-assembly methods using ligands with appropriately programmed coordination information. Ligands based on 2,6-picolyldihydrazone (tritopic and pentatopic) and 3,6-pyridazinedihydrazone (tetratopic) cores, with tridentate coordination pockets, are highly specific and lead to the efficient self-assembly of square [3 x 3] Mn9, [4 x 4] Mn16, and [5 x 5] Mn25 nanoscale grids. Subtle changes in the tritopic ligand composition to include bulky end groups can lead to a rectangular 3 x [1 x 3] Mn9 grid, while changing the central pyridazine to a more sterically demanding pyrazole leads to simple dinuclear copper complexes, despite the potential for binding four metal ions.

A tetradecanuclear copper dimeric macrocyclic complex with a body-centred heptanuclear core-structure and magnetism.

2,6-Diformyl-4-methylphenol and 1,3-diamino-2-hydroxypropane template condense in the presence of Cu(NO(3))(2) and azide to produce a 3 : 3 macrocyclic ring containing an unprecedented grouping of seven copper(ii) ions within the macrocyclic cavity, with the seventh metal completing a body-centred heptanuclear lattice.

An Azide-Bridged Copper(II) Ferromagnetic Chain Compound Exhibiting Metamagnetic Behavior.

The one-dimensional chain complex [Cu(2)(&mgr;(2)-1,1-N(3))(2)(&mgr;(2)-1,3-NO(3))(2)(&mgr;(2)-1,3-Me(3)NCH(2)CO(2))(2)](n)() (1) contains three different bridge groups, &mgr;(2)-1,1-azide (end-on), &mgr;(2)-nitrate, and &mgr;(2)-syn,syn-carboxylate, arranged so that the azide and carboxylate groups bridge equatorially and dictate the intrachain magnetic behavior between the copper magnetic orbitals. Variable-temperature magnetic susceptibility studies at low field, and magnetization studies at variable field, reveal dominant intrachain ferromagnetism (J = 26 cm(-)(1)) but also much weaker interchain ferromagnetism (Θ = 2.3 K) and antiferromagnetism (J(eff) = -0.

Magnetostructural Correlations in Bis(&mgr;(2)-phenoxide)-Bridged Macrocyclic Dinuclear Copper(II) Complexes. Influence of Electron-Withdrawing Substituents on Exchange Coupling.

Macrocyclic dicopper(II) complexes derived from 2,6-di(R)formylphenols and various linking diamines are surveyed and their magnetic and structural properties assessed. For those systems with "flat" dinuclear centers and no electronic perturbations associated with electron-withdrawing ligands or ligand groups, the complexes exhibit a "straight-line" relationship between exchange integral and phenoxide bridge angle. Within the angle range 98.