[Position paper on medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ)].

It is now 12 years since the first article on medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) was reported in 2003. The recognition of MRONJ is still inconsistent between physicians and dentists but it is without doubt a severe disease with impairment of oral health-related quality of life. This position paper was developed by three Austrian societies for dentists, oral surgeons and osteologists involved in this topic.

Case report: fusion of positron emission tomography (PET) and computed tomography (CT) images for image-guided endoscopic navigation in maxillofacial surgery: clinical application of a new technique.

Introduction: Surgery based on computed tomography (CT) data is becoming increasingly important in the head and neck region. The technique for hardware fusion between positron emission tomography (PET) and computed tomography (CT) has only been established commercially in the last 4 years. The advantages over CT alone are obvious.

[Effects of Le-Fort-I-Osteotomy on nasalance scores].

Background: Nasalance represents a measure of the relative amount of oral and nasal acoustic energy produced by a speaker. Literature shows changes in nasalance after surgery of the oropharynx. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the outcome of speech and nasalance scores after Le-Fort-I-Osteotomy.

Anterior transmandibular osteodistraction: clinical and model observations.

Introduction: The aim of this paper was to study the effect of transmandibular distraction on the periodontal and dental structures, and the initial movements of the mandibular halves, when using an axial plane non-rigid bone-borne distractor (TMD).

Material And Methods: Fourteen patients undergoing bimaxillary transverse osteodistraction had their six lower anterior teeth assessed for mobility, sensitivity, and pocket depth. Recordings were made pre-operatively, post-distraction, post-consolidation and at 1-year follow-up.

Simultaneous orbital expansion and intraoral distraction osteogenesis of upper and lower jaws in a patient with hemifacial microsomia.

Background: Correction of a micro-orbit, caused by clinical anophthalmia is a very challenging task. In hemifacial microsomia a micro-orbit may be combined with hypoplasia of the malar and the ascending mandibular ramus.

Material: A 5-year-old patient with hemifacial microsomia is described.

Cephalometric and occlusal outcome in adults with unilateral cleft lip, palate, and alveolus after two different surgical techniques.

Objective: To assess differences in the aesthetic and functional long-term results of one-stage and two-stage surgical and orthodontic treatment in patients with cleft lip, palate, and alveolus.

Design: Sixty adult patients who were operated on as children for unilateral cleft lip, palate, and alveolus were examined. In every patient the lip was closed using Tennison's technique.

Differences in cephalometric and occlusal outcome of cleft palate patients regarding different surgical techniques.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to assess differences of the long-term results following surgical treatment in patients with cleft palate treated by two different surgical concepts.

Patients: Fifty-nine adult patients operated on for cleft palate were examined. Thirty palates were closed by a two stage (Widmaier and Veau) and 29 by a single-stage procedure (Veau's pedicled flap).

Analysis of midface asymmetry in patients with cleft lip, alveolus and palate at the age of 3 months using 3D-COSMOS measuring system.

Introduction: Patients suffering from unilateral cleft lip, alveolus and palate exhibit a varying degree of asymmetry of the midface. Evaluation of this asymmetry can be carried out by means of 3D-CT, or a laser surface scanner.

Material And Methods: In this paper, 3D-CT-scan data of 21 patients with unilateral clefts of lip, alveolus and palate were analysed using three-dimensional models.

Computer assisted tumour resection of the skull base: case report.

This case report demonstrates computer assisted resection of a skull base tumour after combined chemotherapy and irradiation, in a 40-year-old man with a squamous cell carcinoma of maxilla, zygoma, orbit and skull base. The resection of the skull base was performed with computer assistance after conventional resection of the maxilla, midface, exenteration of the orbit and lymph node dissection. Following combined chemotherapy and irradiation, the original, pretherapeutic tumour extent was marked on the new, presurgical CT scan enabling resection of the skull base with the use of a navigation microscope.

3-D COSMOS: a new 3-D model based computerised operation simulation and navigation system.

A new three-dimensional (3-D) model based system for preoperative planning, simulating the operation and transfer of the operation from 3-D model to patient (navigation) is to be introduced. A computer controlled digitizer with specially designed software enables 3-D measurement and symmetry analysis on the 3-D model with a precision better than 0.01 mm (SD: 0.

An analysis of 58 traumatically intruded and surgically extruded permanent teeth.

Fifty-eight traumatically intruded and mainly surgically extruded permanent teeth were followed up for 3 years and 4 months (mid-term results: 29 teeth) and 9 months (short-term results: 29 teeth) on average. Statistically, the mid-term results showed more cases of severe crown discoloration (54%) than the short-term results (9%), but no difference in pulpal and periodontal healing. Three teeth (5%) were lost.

Review of severe osteoradionecrosis treated by surgery alone or surgery with postoperative hyperbaric oxygenation.

We reviewed 41 patients with osteoradionecrosis of the mandible. Each patient was treated by radical resection followed by external beam irradiation. The diagnosis of infected osteoradionecrosis was confirmed clinically, radiologically, and histologically.

Three-dimensional planning of alveolar ridge distraction by means of distraction implants.

Objective: In recent years, three-dimensional (3D) CT-based planning methods have increasingly been implemented in oral and maxillofacial surgery. Alveolar ridge distraction is accomplished by unidirectional distraction devices which in turn must be positioned optimally in all three dimensions. It is the aim of this study to demonstrate 3D planning of alveolar ridge distraction by means of distraction implants.

[Computerised three-dimensional surgical simulator. Introduction and precision analysis of a new system].

Computed tomography (CT)-based anatomic three-dimensional (3D) models have become important tools in oral maxillofacial surgery. There are three problems involved in the precise transfer of the experience gained and the results of simulation surgery to the patient: (1) 3D models have no precise reference points; (2) it is difficult to measure translations three-dimensionally; and (3) exact transfer to the patient intraoperatively is impossible. We have introduced a new system which solves these problems.

Fabricating auricular prostheses using three-dimensional soft tissue models.

This article describes a method for fabricating an auricular prosthesis. This procedure uses the contours of the soft tissue surface from computerized tomography scans to fabricate a computer-generated, side-inverted 3-dimensional soft tissue model from a solid block of polyurethane using an Endoplan milling machine. The resultant 3-dimensional soft tissue model can then be used as the basis for a wax sculpture.

Stereolithography versus milled three-dimensional models: comparison of production method, indication, and accuracy.

Computed tomography (CT) based three-dimensional (3-D) lifelike models have proved to be of great value, especially in craniomaxillofacial surgery. They improve and facilitate diagnosis, therapeutic planning, model operations, and definitive treatment in tumor surgery, traumatology, dysgnathia, alveolar atrophy, and congenital and asymmetrical malformations. From 1988 to 1998, 760 stereolithography (STL) and milled 3-D models were employed in our department.

Clinical and magnetic resonance findings in the temporomandibular joints of patients before and after orthognathic surgery.

It is difficult to achieve the correct position of the condyle in the temporal fossa during orthognathic surgery in angle class II patients with disorders of the temporomandibular joint. This led us to examine the TMJ of 25 of our own patients before and shortly after orthognathic operations. We recorded the clinical and magnetic resonance imaging findings of the temporomandibular joint preoperatively and three months postoperatively.

Fractures of the condylar process: surgical versus nonsurgical treatment.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare outcomes from surgical and nonsurgical treatment of condylar process fractures.

Patients And Methods: Two hundred thirty-four patients with fractures of the mandibular condylar process were treated by open or closed methods. In the follow-up study, 150 patients with a mean follow-up time of 2.

Advantage of three-dimensional models in intraoral callus distraction.

Distraction osteogenesis has become an important method of reconstructing hypoplastic facial bones. Intraoral callus distraction is a great aesthetic improvement, because no visible scars are caused. Precise preoperative planning is necessary, however, because the direction of distraction cannot be influenced postoperatively.

Application of combined three-dimensional bone and soft tissue model. A case report.

This article describes a new application in three-dimensional modelling. By adding the contours of important soft tissue structures to the bone contours, it is possible to produce a combined bone and soft tissue model. The advantages of this technique are shown in a patient suffering from a parapharyngeal tumour.

Treatment planning for sinus lift augmentations through use of 3-dimensional milled models derived from computed tomography scans: a report of 3 cases.

Objective: Three-dimensional models created by milling machines and stereolithography on the basis of 3-dimensional computed tomography scans have become essential in the diagnosis and therapy planning of oral and maxillofacial disorders. The purpose of this study, based on 3 clinical cases, was to examine the advantages of using 3-dimensional computed tomography scans and 3-dimensional milling models of the maxillary sinus before operative sinus elevation and of developing an operative layout with the aid of 3-dimensional models. REPORT DESIGN: Three patients with atrophy of the maxillary alveolar ridge received computed tomography scans before operative sinus elevation with iliac bone transplants and simultaneous dental implantation.

The Graz hemisphere splint: a new precise, non-invasive method of replacing the dental arch of 3D-models by plaster models.

Three-dimensional (3-D) anatomical models have proven their great value in the field of cranio-maxillofacial surgery. One major disadvantage is the limited representation of the teeth in milled and stereolithographic models. This is mainly caused by the limited resolution of the CT-scan, especially in the plane perpendicular to that of the scan.

[Stereolithography models vs. milled 3D models. Production, indications, accuracy].

Anatomic, life-like, three-dimensional models have a definite place in cranio-maxillofacial surgery. Our experience with 541 computer tomographic (CT)-based three-dimensional (3D)-models for diagnostic purposes, preoperative planning and model operations in our department was gained using stereolithographic and milled models. The question of which production method is preferable is a matter of controversy in the literature.

Indications and limitations of three-dimensional models in cranio-maxillofacial surgery.

Anatomical, life-like, three-dimensional (3D) models have a definite place in cranio-maxillofacial surgery. Our experience with 541 computer tomography (CT)-based 3D models employed in aiding corrective surgery of tumours, dysgnathia, traumatology, alveolar atrophy, congenital malformation and asymmetrical malformations in our department is discussed. From July 1988 to February 1997, 3D models of 346 patients were used.