Use of Neuroanatomic Knowledge and Neuronavigation System for a Safe Anterior Petrosectomy.

Introduction: The petroclival region is among the most challenging anatomical areas to deal with in skull base surgery. Drilling of the anterior part of the petrous bone during the anterior transpetrosal approach involves the risk of injury of the cochlea, superior semicircular canal, internal carotid artery, and internal auditory canal. A thorough understanding of the microneurosurgical anatomy of this region is mandatory to execute the transpetrosal approaches, decreasing the risk of complications.

Intrathecal baclofen as a treatment for spasticity: Review of the cases treated in our hospital.

Introduction: Spasticity represents a medical problem whose incidence is increasing during the last years due to pathologies such as cerebral palsy, stroke, multiple sclerosis, trauma or encephalopathy, affecting both adults and children. The treatments include rehabilitation, pharmacotherapy and surgery, among which we highlight intrathecal baclofen infusion devices.

Material And Methods: Intrathecal baclofen devices implanted patients in Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela from 2005 to 2018 were selected for retrospective analysis using assessment of spasticity scales, such as Ashworth scale.

[Cerebral infarction after pituitary apoplexy: Description of a case and review of the literature].

Pituitary apoplexy is usually the result of hemorrhagic infarction in a pituitary adenoma. The clinical presentation varies widely and includes asymptomatic cases, classical pituitary apoplexy and even sudden death. Cerebral ischemia due to pituitary apoplexy is very rare.

[Bilateral chronic subdural haematoma: Analysis of a series of 190 patients].

Objective: The aim of this study is to analyse the clinical findings and surgical results in a series of patients with bilateral chronic subdural haematoma (BCSDH), and compare the results with a series of patients treated for unilateral chronic subdural haematoma (UCSDH).

Patients And Methods: A retrospective study was performed on 1523 patients diagnosed and surgically treated for chronic subdural haematoma over a period of 30 years. Patients were divided into 2 groups: The study group consisting of 190 patients operated on for a BCSDH and the control group consisting of patients operated on for an UCSDH (1333 cases).

[Imaging diagnosis of arachnoid cysts].

Arachnoid cysts are malformed lesions that contain a fluid similar to the cerebrospinal fluid, and are usually located within the arachnoidal membrane. They represent 1% of all intracranial lesions, and in recent years, with the development of radiological techniques, the clinical detectability of arachnoid cysts seems to have increased. Although the majority of diagnosed arachnoid cysts are located in the cranial cavity and especially in the Sylvian fissure, a small number are located at spinal level and they can occur extra- or intra-spinally.

[«De novo» development of a suprasellar arachnoid cyst].

Intracranial arachnoid cysts are fluid-filled cavities that arise within the cranial arachnoid, representing approximately 1%-2% of all intracranial lesions among the paediatric population. We present the case of a 2-year-old boy who presented with instability and episodes of ocular deviation. A computed tomography scan (CT scan) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain revealed a suprasellar cyst and obstructive hydrocephalus.

[Multiple intracranial arteriovenous malformation].

Multiple cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are thought to be exceedingly rare lesions and have usually been reported as single cases. The incidence of multiple cerebral AVMs in major series ranges from 0.3% to 9% and, in the majority of cases, these malformations are associated with other vascular anomalies of the brain or soft tissues.

[Reversible porencephalic cyst related to shunt dysfunction].

Introduction: The surgical treatment of hydrocephalus is one of the most commonly procedures of modern pediatric neurosurgical practice, and cerebrospinal fluid shunts are the main means of treatment of hydrocephalus, being independent of site of obstruction and ventricular shunt complications are frequent, especially in children. The most common complications are shunt obstructions, mechanical disconnections, overdrainage and infection.

Case Report: A 7.

[Multifocal clear cell meningioma in the sacral and lumbar spine. Case report and literature review].

Clear cell meningioma is a rare morphological form of meningioma. This case report describes a very rare case of multifocal clear cell meningioma in the sacral and lumbar spine. The patient was a 20-year-old female who presented back pain.

[Primary cranial vault lymphoma].

Introduction: Primary bone lymphomas account for 3-7% of all malignant bone tumours and less than 2% of lymphomas in adults. Having the cranial vault as their primary location is very infrequent.

Case Report: A 59-year-old female who presented a painful tumour on the cranial vault which, following radical surgical removal, was found to be an ALK-negative primary large-cell lymphoma.

[Tumours of the nerve root sheath in the spine].

Introduction: Spinal schwannomas account for about 30% of intradural spinal cord tumors in adults. More are solitary tumors, which can occur throughout the spinal canal. The multiple form of neurofibromas is known as von Recklinghausen disease.

[Chronic subgaleal hematoma in a child. Case report].

Neonatal subgaleal hematomas are under-diagnosed collections of blood beneath the galea, often caused by certain obstetric procedures such as use of forceps or vacuum. They generally have low volume and often resolve spontaneously. Occasionally, they can achieve a large volume and may endanger the live of the affected newborns.

[Pituitary apoplexy. A review].

Pituitary apoplexy constitutes a syndrome that is characterized by the ischemic infarction or hemorrhage into a pituitary tumour. Clinically the patient develops sudden headache, meningismus, visual disturbances, even blindness, and occasionally decrease in level of consciousness. To diagnose it is basic to perform a cerebral MRI.

[Filum terminale ependymomas. Analysis of a serie of 20 consecutive cases].

Objective: to analyze the clinical, radiological and surgical outcome of a series of filum terminale ependymomas. Patients and methods. This retrospective study involved 20 patients with 21 ependymomas of the filum terminale encountered during a 21 year period (1988- 2008).

[Isolated hypoglossal nerve palsy secondary to an atlantoccipital joint synovial cyst. Case report and literature review].

Hypoglossal nerve palsy is commonly associated with the involvement of other cranial nerves. His injury is rarely isolated. We present a patient in which paralysis is due to the presence of a "juxtafacet cyst" of the atlanto-occipital joint.

[Chronic subdural hematoma associated with arachnoid cyst. Report of 12 cases].

Introduction: We designed this study to investigate the clinical, neurological, and radiological outcome of patients with chronic subdural hematoma related to an intracranial arachnoid cysts.

Patients And Methods: Medical records of 12 cases of patients with arachnoids cyst complicated with chronic subdural hematoma were retrospectively reviewed.

Results: Between January 1984 and April 2008, 12 patients (0.