[Pharmaceutical copayment in Spain after the 2012 reform from the user's perspective. Evidence of inequity?].

Objective: Identify what are the characteristics of the part of the population that says they cannot buy all the medicines prescribed by a public health doctor, relating them to the criteria that define the pharmaceutical co-payment system established by Royal Decree 16/2012, with the purpose of guiding changes that eliminate possible inequities.

Method: Association study and causal relationship between the difficulty to buy prescription drugs that users expressed through the survey called Health Barometer and a set of variables that reflect the degree of need for health services and the economic capacity, that is also part of the co-payment criteria, using multiple correspondence and regression analysis techniques.

Results: After the analysis of the data corresponding to the years 2013-2017, evidence has been found in favour of the hypothesis that the poorest users, as well as the working ones and those with worst health show greater difficulties in accessing the medicines which have been prescribed by a public health doctor and, consequently, changes are proposed in the copayment system aimed at eliminating or, at least, reducing such differences.

Effect of Tourism Pressure on the Mediterranean Diet Pattern.

Despite proposed conceptual frameworks of eating behaviors, little is known about environmental factors contributing to changes in food habits. Few studies have reported the external influence of tourism on the inhabitants' eating patterns. The present study aimed to investigate whether tourism pressure affects Canary Islands inhabitants' adherence to the Mediterranean diet pattern.

[Impact of the Pharmaceutical Copayment Reform on the Use of Antidiabetics, Antithrombotics and for Chronic Obstructive Airway Disease Agents, Spain].

Objective: In 2012 it changed the Spanish legislation regulating the pharmaceutical copayment by the National Health System (NHS). The objective was to know if the Spanish pharmaceutical copayment reform in 2012 has affected drugs consumptions for chronic diseases such as antidiabetics, antithrombotics and agents against obstructive conditions of the respiratory tract.

Methods: Retrospective longitudinal observational study, using general segmented linear regression models for interrupted time series.

Paying for formerly free medicines in Spain after 1 year of co-payment: changes in the number of dispensed prescriptions.

Background: After more than three decades of free medicines for the elderly in Spain, in the context of heavy austerity reforms of public financing, a set of cost-sharing reforms on pharmaceutical prescriptions with regional variants have been established in Spain since July 2012.

Objective: The purpose of this analysis is to present the first attempt to provide accurate estimates of the overall impact at the regional level of these cost-sharing reforms.

Methods: We estimated the impact of the reforms on the quantity of dispensed medicines during the first 14 months.