Comparative Review of Infection in Maize and Wheat: Similarities in Resistance Mechanisms and Future Directions.

is one of the most important plant-pathogenic fungi that causes disease on wheat and maize, as it decreases yield in both crops and produces mycotoxins that pose a risk to human and animal health. Resistance to Fusarium head blight (FHB) in wheat is well studied and documented. However, resistance to Gibberella ear rot (GER) in maize is less understood, despite several similarities with FHB.

Effect of Quantitative Wheat Resistance on the Aggressiveness of .

Little is known about the selection pressures acting on plant pathogen populations, especially those applied by quantitative forms of resistance. causes Fusarium head blight in wheat, producing significant yield losses and mycotoxin contamination. Quantitative host resistance is the best method to control Fusarium head blight.

Inhibition of ethylene involved in resistance to in an exotic-derived double haploid maize population.

Northern corn leaf blight (NCLB) is an economically important disease of maize. While the genetic architecture of NCLB has been well characterized, the pathogen is known to overcome currently deployed resistance genes, and the role of hormones in resistance to NCLB is an area of active research. The objectives of the study were (i) to identify significant markers associated with resistance to NCLB, (ii) to identify metabolic pathways associated with NCLB resistance, and (iii) to examine role of ethylene in resistance to NCLB.

A global-temporal analysis on Phytophthora sojae resistance-gene efficacy.

Plant disease resistance genes are widely used in agriculture to reduce disease outbreaks and epidemics and ensure global food security. In soybean, Rps (Resistance to Phytophthora sojae) genes are used to manage Phytophthora sojae, a major oomycete pathogen that causes Phytophthora stem and root rot (PRR) worldwide. This study aims to identify temporal changes in P.

Virulence, Aggressiveness, and Fungicide Sensitivity of spp. Associated with Soybean in Illinois.

Phytophthora root and stem rot (PRR), caused by , is one of the most devastating oomycete diseases of soybean in Illinois. Single resistant genes () are used to manage this pathogen but has adapted to , causing failure of resistance in many regions. In addition to , recent reports indicate that could also cause root rot in soybean.

Genetic mapping of sorghum resistance to an Illinois isolate of Colletotrichum sublineola.

Anthracnose leaf blight (ALB) is an economically important disease of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] caused by the fungal pathogen Colletotrichum sublineola Henn. ex Sacc.

Genomic regions associated with virulence in Setosphaeria turcica identified by linkage mapping in a biparental population.

Northern corn leaf blight (NCLB) and sorghum leaf blight (SLB) are significant diseases of maize and sorghum, respectively, caused by the filamentous fungus Setosphaeria turcica. Strains of S. turcica are typically host-specific and infect either maize or sorghum.

Pathotype Complexity and Genetic Characterization of Populations in Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, and Ohio.

, the causal agent of Phytophthora root and stem rot of soybean, has been managed with single genes since the 1960s but has subsequently adapted to many of these resistance genes, rendering them ineffective. The objective of this study was to examine the pathotype and genetic diversity of from soil samples across Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, and Ohio by assessing which genes were still effective and identifying possible population clusters. There were 218 pathotypes identified from 473 isolates with an average of 6.

Differential Regulation of Maize and Sorghum Orthologs in Response to the Fungal Pathogen .

Pathogens that infect more than one host offer an opportunity to study how resistance mechanisms have evolved across different species. infects both maize and sorghum and the isolates are host-specific, offering a unique system to examine both compatible and incompatible interactions. We conducted transcriptional analysis of maize and sorghum in response to maize-specific and sorghum-specific isolates and identified functionally related co-expressed modules.

First Report of Causing Fusarium Head Blight on Soft Red Winter Wheat in Illinois.

In the summer of 2016, while surveying the diversity of the Fusarium head blight (FHB) causal agent on soft red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) in Illinois, we identified hundreds of naturally infected plants in five locations. Samples with characteristic symptoms of FHB (bleaching, accompanied by pink/white mycelium) were collected one to three weeks after anthesis. The collected glumes and developing kernels were surface sterilized and plated on sterile media.

Identification of Loci That Confer Resistance to Bacterial and Fungal Diseases of Maize.

Crops are hosts to numerous plant pathogenic microorganisms. Maize has several major disease issues; thus, breeding multiple disease resistant (MDR) varieties is critical. While the genetic basis of resistance to multiple fungal pathogens has been studied in maize, less is known about the relationship between fungal and bacterial resistance.

Conserved defense responses between maize and sorghum to Exserohilum turcicum.

Background: Exserohilum turcicum is an important pathogen of both sorghum and maize, causing sorghum leaf blight and northern corn leaf blight. Because the same pathogen can infect and cause major losses for two of the most important grain crops, it is an ideal pathosystem to study plant-pathogen evolution and investigate shared resistance mechanisms between the two plant species. To identify sorghum genes involved in the E.

Field pathogenomics of head blight reveals pathogen transcriptome differences due to host resistance.

head blight (FHB), caused by and other species, is a detrimental disease that affects small grains such as wheat around the world. Management of FHB is difficult, and surveillance as well as a better understanding of pathogen aggressiveness is needed for improved control. disease severity varies depending on the resistance of the host genotype.

Determinants of Virulence and In Vitro Development Colocalize on a Genetic Map of Setosphaeria turcica.

Generating effective and stable strategies for resistance breeding requires an understanding of the genetics of host-pathogen interactions and the implications for pathogen dynamics and evolution. Setosphaeria turcica causes northern leaf blight (NLB), an important disease of maize for which major resistance genes have been deployed. Little is known about the evolutionary dynamics of avirulence (AVR) genes in S.

Tissue-specific components of resistance to Aspergillus ear rot of maize.

Aspergillus flavus and other Aspergillus spp. infect maize and produce aflatoxins. An important control measure is the use of resistant maize hybrids.

Aspergillus flavus Biomass in Maize Estimated by Quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Is Strongly Correlated with Aflatoxin Concentration.

Aspergillus flavus causes ear rot of maize and produces aflatoxins that can contaminate grain even in the absence of visible symptoms of infection. Resistance to aflatoxin accumulation and pathogen colonization are considered distinct traits in maize. Colonization of grain by fungi such as A.

Infection and genotype remodel the entire soybean transcriptome.

Background: High throughput methods, such as high density oligonucleotide microarray measurements of mRNA levels, are popular and critical to genome scale analysis and systems biology. However understanding the results of these analyses and in particular understanding the very wide range of levels of transcriptional changes observed is still a significant challenge. Many researchers still use an arbitrary cut off such as two-fold in order to identify changes that may be biologically significant.

Characterization of Components of Partial Resistance, Rps2, and Root Resistance to Phytophthora sojae in Soybean.

ABSTRACT Phytophthora root and stem rot of soybeans caused by Phytophthora sojae is a serious limitation to soybean production in the United States. Partial resistance to P. sojae in soybeans is effective against all the races of the pathogen and is a form of incomplete resistance in which the level of colonization of the root is reduced following inoculation.