Systematic approach to diagnosing suspected Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.

Evaluation of rapidly progressive dementia (RPD) is usually challenging. In most cases, patients progress to dementia in weeks to months, and the differential diagnosis is broad. In this case, a woman in her 60s presented with a 1-month history of episodic vertigo, cognitive decline, ataxia and myoclonus.

Microbial electrosynthesis of acetate from CO in three-chamber cells with gas diffusion biocathode under moderate saline conditions.

The industrial adoption of microbial electrosynthesis (MES) is hindered by high overpotentials deriving from low electrolyte conductivity and inefficient cell designs. In this study, a mixed microbial consortium originating from an anaerobic digester operated under saline conditions (∼13 g L NaCl) was adapted for acetate production from bicarbonate in galvanostatic (0.25 mA cm) H-type cells at 5, 10, 15, or 20 g L NaCl concentration.

Combination of Zinc Oxide Photocatalysis with Membrane Filtration for Surface Water Disinfection.

Increase water usage has led to its deterioration. Pollutants are easily found in the aquatic environment and treatment techniques must keep improving to meet the current needs and future demands. Membranes are attractive for water treatment, but limitations like fouling and the highly concentrate produced affect their performance.

Trigeminal neuralgia: Comparison of characteristics and impact in patients with or without multiple sclerosis.

Objectives: The commonest secondary cause for trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is multiple sclerosis (MS) and little is known about this group of patients in terms of their presentation and treatments. We compared patients with TN and MS (pwTNMS) with a cohort of patients with primary TN, who had been referred to the same specialist unit, both in terms of characteristics and impact on quality of life at the time of their first assessment.

Methods: Using a prospective patient database we extracted key clinical data and results from psychometrically tested questionnaires of 26 pwTNMS and compared them to an age and gender-matched set of 68 patients with primary TN.

Understanding a role for hypoxia in lesion formation and location in the deep and periventricular white matter in small vessel disease and multiple sclerosis.

The deep and periventricular white matter is preferentially affected in several neurological disorders, including cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) and multiple sclerosis (MS), suggesting that common pathogenic mechanisms may be involved in this injury. Here we consider the potential pathogenic role of tissue hypoxia in lesion development, arising partly from the vascular anatomy of the affected white matter. Specifically, these regions are supplied by a sparse vasculature fed by long, narrow end arteries/arterioles that are vulnerable to oxygen desaturation if perfusion is reduced (as in SVD, MS and diabetes) or if the surrounding tissue is hypoxic (as in MS, at least).