Assessment of change in end-tidal CO after fluid challenge as a marker of fluid responsiveness as measured by the aortic velocity time integral in healthy anesthetized mechanically ventilated dogs.

Objective: To evaluate if variation in the end-tidal CO partial pressure (∆Petco) after a fluid challenge could predict fluid responsiveness with a sensitivity of 75% and a specificity of 70% in healthy anesthetized and mechanically ventilated dogs.

Design: Diagnostic accuracy study.

Setting: University hospital.

Feasibility of an electric current stimulator device to assess the sensory response after transversus abdominis plane block in Guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus).

Objective: To assess the feasibility of using an adjustable intensity nerve stimulator for evaluating the sensory response after a transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block in guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus).

Study Design: Prospective, randomized, blinded, experimental crossover study.

Animals: A total of six adult guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus).

Evaluation of cerebral autoregulation in dogs via transcranial color-coded duplex sonography and transient hyperemia testing.

Objective: To evaluate the changes in flow velocities of the middle cerebral artery before and after a carotid compression maneuver using transcranial color-coded duplex sonography (TCCD) in healthy anesthetized dogs under mechanical ventilation.

Design: Prospective study.

Setting: University teaching hospital.

Ultrasound-guided caudal quadratus lumborum block combined with the greater ischiatic notch plane block as motor-protective analgesia for the pelvic limb in dogs.

Objective: To develop an ultrasound-guided caudal quadratus lumborum block (C-QLB) technique in canine cadavers and to compare sensory and motor blockade resulting from the combination of ultrasound-guided greater ischiatic notch (GIN) plane and C-QLB approaches (GIN-CQLB group) versus a lumbosacral plexus (LSP group) approach [combination of lateral pre-iliac (LPI) and parasacral (PS) techniques] in dogs.

Study Design: Descriptive anatomical study and prospective randomized, blinded, experimental crossover trial.

Animals: A total of six canine cadavers and six adult Beagle dogs.

Ultrasound-guided lateral pericapsular hip desensitization of the articular branches of the cranial gluteal nerve: A canine cadaveric study and feasibility study in dogs.

Objective: To develop and assess the feasibility, as a diagnostic block, of an ultrasound-guided lateral pericapsular hip desensitization (L-PHD) technique in dogs.

Study Design: Prospective, randomized, anatomical and feasibility study.

Animals: A total of 11 canine cadavers and eight adult dogs scheduled for acetabular surgical denervation.

Lumbosacral plexus block using a combination of ultrasound-guided lateral pre-iliac and parasacral approaches in cats.

Objective: To describe an ultrasound-guided lateral pre-iliac (LPI) and parasacral (PS) approach in feline cadavers (phase I) and compare the perioperative analgesic use and complications in cats administered LPI and PS blocks (group PNB) or epidural anesthesia (group EPI) for pelvic limb surgery (phase II).

Study Design: Experimental uncontrolled, anatomic and retrospective cohort study.

Animals: A group of eight feline cadavers and 52 medical records.

Pericapsular hip desensitization in dogs: a cadaveric study and case series.

Objective: To develop and assess the efficacy of an ultrasound (US)-guided pericapsular hip desensitization (PHD) technique in dogs.

Study Design: Prospective, randomized, anatomical study and a case series.

Animals: A total of 30 healthy dogs, eight canine cadavers and seven dogs with hip osteoarthritis.

Ultrasound-guided dorsal approach for the brachial plexus block in common kestrels (Falco tinnunculus): a cadaver study.

Objective: To develop an ultrasound-guided dorsal approach to the brachial plexus and to investigate the nerve distribution and staining of a dyed injectate in common kestrel (Falco tinnunculus) cadavers.

Study Design: Prospective, cadaver study.

Animals: A group of three common kestrel cadavers (six wings).

Transversus abdominis plane block in cat cadavers: anatomical description and comparison of injectate spread using two- and three-point approaches.

Objective: To describe the sonoanatomy of the abdominal wall in live cats and to compare the distribution pattern of two versus three ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane (TAP) injections using clinically applicable volumes of lidocaine-dye solution in cat cadavers.

Study Design: Prospective anatomical study.

Animals: A total of eight client-owned healthy cats and eight cat cadavers.

Agreement between noninvasive oscillometric and invasive blood pressure measurements in isoflurane-anesthetized guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus).

Objective: To assess the agreement between an oscillometric device and invasive blood pressure (IBP) measurements in anesthetized healthy adult guinea pigs.

Study Design: Prospective experimental study.

Animals: A total of eight adult Hartley guinea pigs.

Development of a lateral ultrasound-guided approach for the proximal radial, ulnar, median and musculocutaneous (RUMM) nerve block in cats.

Objective: To describe a lateral ultrasound (US)-guided approach to the radial, ulnar, median and musculocutaneous (RUMM) nerves through a single proximal in-plane insertion in cats and to determine whether one or two injection points are required to successfully stain all the target nerves.

Study Design: Prospective study.

Animals: A total of eight client-owned healthy cats and 12 cat cadavers.

Heated Humidifier versus Heat-and-Moisture Exchanger During Positive Pressure Ventilation With a T-Piece Resuscitator in Rabbits.

Background: There are many proven benefits of the use of conditioned gases in mechanically ventilated patients. In spite of this, its use in the delivery room is limited, perhaps because of known difficulties with heated humidifiers (HH); moreover, there is no evidence regarding the use of heat-and-moisture exchangers (HME) in a delivery room setting. We sought to asess the airway's absolute humidity level using three diferents strategies: HH, HME and unconditioned gases.

Mechanism of action of the erector spinae plane block: distribution of dye in a porcine model.

This study aimed to describe the anatomical distribution of dye injected in the erector spinae plane (ESP) in a porcine living model, which could aid to reveal factors potentially relevant to the unexplained clinical effects of the ESP block. Six pigs received 0.6 mL/kg of 0.

Sonographic evaluation of epidural and intrathecal injections in cats.

Objectives: To describe the ultrasonographic anatomy of the caudal lumbar spine in cats and to detect ultrasound (US) signs associated with epidural or intrathecal injection.

Study Design: Prospective, clinical study.

Animals: Twenty-six client-owned cats.

Use of electrical nerve stimulation to monitor lumbosacral epidural needle placement in cats.

Objective: To determine the minimal electrical threshold (MET) necessary to elicit muscle contraction of the pelvic limb or tail when an insulated needle is positioned outside (METout) and inside (METin) the lumbosacral epidural space in cats.

Study Design: Prospective, blinded study.

Animals: Twelve mixed-breed healthy adult cats, scheduled for a therapeutic procedure where lumbosacral epidural administration was indicated.

The use of a nerve stimulation test to confirm sacrococcygeal epidural needle placement in cats.

Objective: To determine if a nerve stimulation test (NST) could act as a monitoring technique to confirm sacrococcygeal epidural needle placement in cats.

Study Design: Prospective experimental trial in a clinical setting.

Animals: Twenty-four adult cats, scheduled for a therapeutic procedure where epidural anesthesia was indicated.

Use of electrical stimulation to monitor lumbosacral epidural and intrathecal needle placement in rabbits.

Objective: To determine the minimal electric threshold of neurostimulation dorsally and ventrally to the interarcuate ligament in the lumbosacral area necessary to cause muscle contraction of the hind limb or tail and determine whether a continuous electrical stimulation applied to an insulated needle during lumbosacral epidural needle placement could be used to distinguish the epidural from the intrathecal space in rabbits.

Animals: 24 New Zealand white rabbits.

Procedures: Rabbits received iohexol (0.