Visual Acuity, and Macular and Peripapillary Thickness in High Myopia.

Purpose: To investigate best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and choroidal and retinal thickness values between high myopes without myopic maculopathy and emmetropes.

Materials And Methods: Case control study where 53 myopes with axial length (AL) above 26 mm without myopic maculopathy and 53 age-matched emmetropes with AL between 21.50 and 24.

Surgical treatment of a rare case of bilateral ptosis due to localized ocular amyloidosis.

We describe a rare case of a 31-year old woman with bilateral ptosis due to localized amyloidosis. She referred a nine-year history of ptosis and surgical treatment with frontalis suspension three years previously. Following complete ophthalmological examination and evaluation of the ptosis we carried out tarsal and fornix biopsy, which revealed accumulation of a weakly eosinophilic amyloid positive substance.

Hyperreflective Choroidal Vessels in Geographic Atrophy Secondary to Age-Related Macular Degeneration.

Background And Objective: To describe choroidal vessels in areas of geographic atrophy (GA) secondary to age-related macular degeneration that appear as hyperreflective choroidal vessels (HRCVs) on multicolor (MC) imaging.

Patients And Methods: Retrospective case series of patients with GA. Multimodal imaging evaluation was performed.

An Update on the Ophthalmologic Features in the Phakomatoses.

Neurofibromatosis type 1, tuberous sclerosis complex, and Von Hippel-Lindau disease, historically classified as the phakomatoses, are hereditary multisystem disorders characterized by the presence of hamartoma, which carry the risk of malignant transformation. The alteration of tumor suppressor genes seems to be at the basis of their pathophysiogenetic mechanism. Lisch and choroidal nodules in neurofibromatosis type 1, retinal astrocytomas in tuberous sclerosis complex, and retinal capillary hemangioma in Von Hippel-Lindau disease are the principal ophthalmic hamartomatous manifestations.

Glaucoma Management in Carotid Cavernous Fistula.

Carotid cavernous fistulas (CCF) are vascular communications between the carotid artery and the cavernous sinus. Ophthalmologists are called to diagnose and manage the condition in cases that present with ocular features. A 73-year-old female was referred to our glaucoma center clinic.

Spectral domain optical coherence tomography and B-scan ultrasonography in the evaluation of retinal tears in acute, incomplete posterior vitreous detachment.

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the extension and traction effects of posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) complicated with retinal tears using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) and B-scan ultrasonography.

Methods: Complete ophthalmological examination, B-scan ultrasonography and spectral domain OCT were performed in patients with acute PVD and retinal tears. Vitreous detachment was classified as complete or incomplete, based on extent of posterior pole or peripheral vitreous detachment.

Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography of Choroidal and Outer Retinal Layer Thickness in the Sturge Weber Syndrome.

Purpose: To evaluate choroidal thickness and its effect on the outer retinal layers in patients with Sturge Weber syndrome (SWS).

Materials And Methods: Twenty eyes of 10 patients with SWS and 20 eyes of 10 healthy controls were evaluated at the ophthalmology unit of the Umberto I Policlinic, Rome from December 2015 to May 2015. Manual segmentation measurements of choroidal and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)-photorec eptor layer (PHL) thickness were performed at the subfovea and at 500 µm intervals over 3 mm-long horizontal and vertical segments using enhanced depth spectral domain optical coherence tomography.

Abnormalities of retinal ganglion cell complex at optical coherence tomography in patients with type 2 diabetes: a sign of diabetic polyneuropathy, not retinopathy.

Aims: To compare optical coherence tomography (OCT)-derived neuro-retinal parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes and non-diabetic controls and to evaluate their correlation with diabetic retinopathy (DR) and polyneuropathy (DPN).

Methods: One-hundred consecutive patients with type 2 diabetes were examined by spectral-domain (SD) OCT for evaluating ganglion cell complex (GCC) and retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness and two new pattern-based quantitative measures of GCC damage, global and focal loss volume (GLV and FLV). Fifty sex- and age-matched non-diabetic subjects served as control.

Twelve-Month Results of a Single or Multiple Dexamethasone Intravitreal Implant for Macular Edema following Uncomplicated Phacoemulsification.

The clinical efficacy of one or two intravitreal injections of a continued deliverance dexamethasone 700 μg implant in ten patients with persistent macular edema following uncomplicated phacoemulsification was evaluated. Complete ophthalmological examination and spectral domain optical coherence tomography were carried out. Follow-up was at day 7 and months 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12.

Ophthalmic Alterations in the Sturge-Weber Syndrome, Klippel-Trenaunay Syndrome, and the Phakomatosis Pigmentovascularis: An Independent Group of Conditions?

The phakomatoses have been traditionally defined as a group of hereditary diseases with variable expressivity characterized by multisystem tumors with possible malignant transformation. The Sturge-Weber syndrome, Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome, and the phakomatosis pigmentovascularis have the facial port-wine stain in common. Numerous pathophysiogenetic mechanisms have been suggested such as venous dysplasia of the emissary veins in the intracranial circulation, neural crest alterations leading to alterations of autonomic perivascular nerves, mutation of the GNAO gene in the Sturge-Weber syndrome, PIK3CA mutation in malformative/overgrowth syndromes such as the Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome, and the twin-spotting phenomenon in phakomatosis pigmentovascularis.

Rare Diseases Leading to Childhood Glaucoma: Epidemiology, Pathophysiogenesis, and Management.

Noteworthy heterogeneity exists in the rare diseases associated with childhood glaucoma. Primary congenital glaucoma is mostly sporadic; however, 10% to 40% of cases are familial. CYP1B1 gene mutations seem to account for 87% of familial cases and 27% of sporadic cases.

Ocular Alterations in a Rare Case of Segmental Neurofibromatosis Type 1 with a Non-Classified Mutational Variant of the NF-1 Gene.

Background: Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1) is an autsomal dominant disorder which can occasionally result from somatic mosaicism and manifest as segmental forms of the disease.

Methods: A 37-year-old woman with ascertained NF-1, based on clinical diagnostic criteria and genetic analysis, was referred for ophthalmological evaluation. Genetic analysis, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), complete ophthalmological examination, and near infrared reflectance (NIR) images at 815 nm of the retina were obtained.

Ganglion Cell Complex Evaluation in Exudative Age-Related Macular Degeneration after Repeated Intravitreal Injections of Ranibizumab.

Purpose. To detect the effects of intravitreal ranibizumab injections on GCC in patients with wet AMD. Methods.

An unusual case of acute glaucoma in Sturge-Weber syndrome.

Purpose: Sturge-Weber syndrome is a phakomatosis with involvement of the eyelids, conjunctiva, choroid, and retina. Congenital glaucoma is the most common ocular complication resulting from raised episcleral venous pressure. We present an unusual case of glaucoma induced by pupillary block in an 81-year-old woman with Sturge-Weber syndrome.

SPECTRAL DOMAIN OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY EVIDENCE OF RETINAL NERVE FIBER LAYER AND GANGLION CELL LOSS IN ADULT PATIENTS WITH NEUROFIBROMATOSIS TYPE 1.

Purpose: To evaluate peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer, macular retinal nerve fiber layer, and ganglion cell layer-inner plexiform layer thickness and analyze their correlations in adult patients with neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1) and disease-free controls.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed at the Azienda Policlinico Umberto I, University of Rome "La Sapienza." All participants underwent complete ophthalmologic examination.

Morphologic and vasculature features of the choroid and associated choroid-retinal thickness alterations in neurofibromatosis type 1.

Background/aims: A normal structural and functional choroid is essential in supplying blood flow to the retina. Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a neurocristopathy where the choroid is altered due to the presence of nodules. The present transversal study was conducted to examine choroidal nodules and their effect on choroidal and retinal thickness in NF1 patients.

Retinal microvascular abnormalities overlying choroidal nodules in neurofibromatosis type 1.

Background: Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an autosomal dominant disorder involving aberrant proliferation of multiple tissues of neural crest origin. Retinal vascular alterations in NF1 have rarely been reported in the literature and their nature is not clear. This study describes distinctive retinal microvascular alterations and their relationship to choroidal nodules in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1.

Ocular Inflammation: Can It Be a Sign of Activity of Weber-Christian Disease? A Case Report and Review of Literature.

Purpose: To present a case of Weber-Christian disease with symptomatic ocular involvment. Weber-Christian disease is a relapsing febrile nodular nonsuppurative panniculitis. It is characterized by malaise and fever accompanied by subcutaneous inflammatory nodules on the trunk and extremities.

Intravitreal injection of dexamethasone implant and ranibizumab in cystoid macular edema in the course of irvine-gass syndrome.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of 2 dexamethasone intravitreal implants and 1 ranibizumab intravitreal injection after a bilateral postoperative complication of cataract surgery as pseudophakic cystoid macular edema.

Patients And Methods: A 70-year-old male patient with systemic hypertension developed a progressive cystoid macular edema (CME) in both eyes starting between 10 and 20 days after cataract surgery. Two intravitreal dexamethasone implants and 1 ranibizumab injection were administered; first in the right eye (RE) and then in the left eye (LE).

Intravitreal Injection of Dexamethasone Implant in Serous Macular Detachment Associated with Waldenström's Disease.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of one intravitreal injection of dexamethasone (Ozurdex(®); Allergan, Inc., Irvine, Calif., USA) in serous macular detachment (SMD) of one eye, associated with bilateral central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) in a patient affected by Waldenström's macroglobulinemia (WM).

Intravitreal ranibizumab and laser photocoagulation in the management of idiopathic juxtafoveolar retinal telangiectasia type 1: a case report.

Background: Idiopathic juxtafoveolar retinal telangiectasia (IJRT) type 1 represents an uncommon cause of congenital unilateral visual loss and it typically affects males. Decrease in visual acuity is caused by serous and lipid exudation into the fovea with cystoid macular edema. In some cases, spontaneous resolution may be observed, but when there is a progressive loss of visual acuity, laser photocoagulation is often necessary.

Evaluation of recurrent hyphema after trabeculectomy with ultrabiomicroscopy 50-80 MHz: a case report.

Background: Hyphema is a complication that can occur after glaucoma filtering surgery. Biomicroscopic examination of the anterior segment is commonly used to diagnose it and gonioscopy may provide a useful support to find the source of the haemorrhage. Unfortunately, when the blood hides the structure of the anterior segment the gonioscopic examination fails.

Validity and limits of the rebound tonometer (ICare®): clinical study.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the measurement of intraocular pressure (IOP) using a new induction/impact rebound tonometer (ICare®) compared with Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT). We also aimed to quantify the systematic and random errors (bias) of the 2 methods, to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the ICare® tonometer in identifying patients with 21 mmHg or more measured with the GAT, and to study the influence of corneal thickness on IOP measurement with the 2 tonometers.

Methods: We compared the IOP values obtained with the 2 instruments in 97 patients.

Surgical correction of blepharoptosis using the levator aponeurosis-Müller's muscle complex readaptation technique: a 15-year experience.

Background: Palpebral ptosis is defined as abnormal drooping of the upper lid, caused by partial or total reduction in levator muscle function. It may be caused by various abnormalities, both congenital and acquired. The aim of this article is to report the long-term follow-up of results obtained with the levator aponeurosis-Müller's muscle complex readaptation technique.

The influence of learning effect on frequency doubling technology perimetry (Matrix).

Purpose: To determine learning effect in healthy patients without perimetric experience, tested with the frequency doubling technology perimetry, with the new model Matrix.

Patients And Methods: Frequency doubling technology in the 30-2 threshold mode was performed on 37 healthy subjects. Each subject was tested twice in different sessions.