Concurrent Placement of the Testicular Prosthesis in Children Following Orchiectomy/Testicular Loss.

Introduction: Testis is essential for male sexual hormone production, fertility, and psychological well-being of a male. In the unfortunate event of testicular loss, placement of a testicular prosthesis perhaps will offer a sense of well-being, improved body image, and overall confidence in the growing child.

Aims: The aim is to evaluate the feasibility and assessment of outcomes following concurrent placement of testicular prosthesis in children following orchiectomy.

Predictors of unfavorable responses to therapy in rifampicin-sensitive pulmonary tuberculosis using an integrated approach of radiological presentation and sputum mycobacterial burden.

Introduction: Despite the exalted status of sputum mycobacterial load for gauging pulmonary tuberculosis treatment and progress, Chest X-rays supplement valuable information for taking instantaneous therapeutic decisions, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Even though literature on individual parameters is overwhelming, few studies have explored the interaction between radiographic parameters denoting severity with mycobacterial burden signifying infectivity. By using a sophisticated approach of integrating Chest X-ray parameters with sputum mycobacterial characteristics, evaluated at all the three crucial time points of TB treatment namely pre-treatment, end of intensive phase and completion of treatment, utilizing the interactive Cox Proportional Hazards model, we aimed to precisely deduce predictors of unfavorable response to TB treatment.

Characteristics of paradoxical tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome and its influence on tuberculosis treatment outcomes in persons living with HIV.

Objective: The influence of tuberculosis (TB)-immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) on TB treatment outcomes and its risk factors were investigated among people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and co-infected with TB.

Methods: Newly diagnosed, culture-confirmed, pulmonary TB patients with HIV and enrolled in a clinical trial (NCT00933790) were retrospectively analysed for IRIS occurrence. Risk factors and TB outcomes (up to 18 months after initiation of anti-TB treatment [ATT]) were compared between people who experienced IRIS (IRIS group) and those who did not (non-IRIS group).

Kaposiform Hemangioendothelioma with Kasabach-Merritt Phenomenon in a Neonate - Role of Dual Therapy: A Case Report and Review of Literature.

Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma (KHE) represents a rare, borderline vascular tumor with locally aggressive behavior. They are often associated with a potentially life-threatening coagulopathy known as Kasabach-Merritt phenomenon (KMP). Due to heterogeneous nature of the vascular lesion and lack of standardized treatment protocols, these patients pose a diagnostic dilemma and therapeutic challenge with morbidity and potential mortality.

Intralesional Sclerotherapy with Bleomycin in Lymphatic Malformation of Tongue an Institutional Experience and Outcomes.

Introduction: The management of lymphatic malformations (LMs) continues to improve with advancement in molecular genetics, imaging, and treatment options. However, the management of tongue LMs remains a challenge due to the location, function involved, and long-term disabilities. We propose injection sclerotherapy with bleomycin in the management of spectrum of tongue LMs.

Pediatric empyema thoracis management: should the consensus be different for the developing countries?

Background: Despite the available consensus, intrapleural fibrinolytic therapy (IFT) in pediatric empyema is grossly underutilized in the Indian subcontinent where the disease burden is huge. Possible reasons may be epidemiological differences and physician bias. There is a paucity of literature from developing countries on the use of IFT in pediatric empyema thoracis.

Bartholin's gland abscess in a prepubertal female: A case report.

is one of the common inflictions of vulva seen in females of reproductive age group with a recurrence rate of up to 38%. Although it's encountered by many Paediatric Surgeons, it's very rarely reported in prepubertal age. Till date, only six cases have been reported to the best of our knowledge.

Continent catheterizable conduit for urinary diversion in children: Applicability and acceptability.

Background: Continent catheterizable conduit (CCC) has made clean intermittent catheterization (CIC) painless and easy. It is applicable in diverse clinical conditions. Nonetheless, convincing the parents for the need of conduit procedure is still difficult.

Ruptured rectal duplication with urogenital abnormality: Unusual presentation.

Rectal duplication (RD) accounts for 5% of alimentary tract duplication. A varied presentation and associated anomalies have been described in the literature. Antenatal rupture of the RD is very rare.

Sputum culture conversion with moxifloxacin-containing regimens in the treatment of patients with newly diagnosed sputum-positive pulmonary tuberculosis in South India.

Background: Rapid sputum culture conversion at 2 months indicates the sterilizing capacity and potential of regimens to shorten duration of tuberculosis treatment. We compared results of sputum culture conversion by moxifloxacin and control regimens and identified factors affecting sputum culture positivity after 2 months of treatment.

Methods: Human immunodeficiency virus-uninfected adults with newly diagnosed smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis were randomized to receive a 3- or 4-month moxifloxacin regimen (moxifloxacin [M], isoniazid [H], rifampicin [R], pyrazinamide [Z], ethambutol [E]) or the control regimen (RHZE thrice weekly).

Technical modifications of laparoscopically assisted anorectal pull-through for anorectal malformations.

Purpose: Our technique of fistula ligation and centering of bowel during the laparoscopically-assisted anorectal pull-through (LAARP) for the high-imperforate anus is described.

Methods: The distal rectum is dissected laparoscopically. About 1 in proximal to the termination of the rectum, we commence a subseromuscular dissection to create a mucosal tube of the distal rectum up to the urethra.