An updated systematic review of the risk factors for unplanned dialysis initiation.

Background: Previously, a comprehensive review of the risk factors for unplanned dialysis initiation (UDI) was conducted by Hassan (2019), based on studies published up to the end of 2017. They demonstrated that high-quality data and well-designed studies on the subject are lacking. Thus we updated their review to establish the modifiable factors associated with UDI.

Impact of 5 waves of COVID-19 on pediatric ophthalmology.

Objective: To characterize the impact of multiple waves of COVID-19 on pediatric ophthalmology at a tertiary care hospital.

Methods: Medical records were reviewed from pediatric patients seen for ophthalmic emergencies at the Montreal Children's Hospital (Montreal, Canada) from 5 COVID-19 periods: March 13 to May 31, 2020; September 20, 2020, to February 21, 2021; March 21 to May 31, 2021; August 17 to November 5, 2021; and December 19, 2021, to January 25, 2022, as well as 2 pre-COVID time periods: March 13 to May 31, in 2018 and 2019).

Results: There was a significant reduction in ophthalmic consultations when comparing pre-COVID to all 5 COVID waves (p < 0.

Identification of patients undergoing chronic kidney replacement therapy in primary and secondary care data: validation study based on OpenSAFELY and UK Renal Registry.

Objective: To validate primary and secondary care codes in electronic health records to identify people receiving chronic kidney replacement therapy based on gold standard registry data.

Design: Validation study using data from OpenSAFELY and the UK Renal Registry, with the approval of NHS England.

Setting: Primary and secondary care electronic health records from people registered at 45% of general practices in England on 1 January 2020, linked to data from the UK Renal Registry (UKRR) within the OpenSAFELY-TPP platform, part of the NHS England OpenSAFELY covid-19 service.

Patient stratification using plasma cytokines and their regulators in sepsis: relationship to outcomes, treatment effect and leucocyte transcriptomic subphenotypes.

Rationale: Heterogeneity of the host response within sepsis, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and more widely critical illness, limits discovery and targeting of immunomodulatory therapies. Clustering approaches using clinical and circulating biomarkers have defined hyper-inflammatory and hypo-inflammatory subphenotypes in ARDS associated with differential treatment response. It is unknown if similar subphenotypes exist in sepsis populations where leucocyte transcriptomic-defined subphenotypes have been reported.

Characterization of postoperative LASIK ectasia features on higher-order aberration excimer ablation maps.

Background: To characterize anterior corneal higher-order aberration (HOA) excimer ablation map patterns in postoperative LASIK ectasia (POE) and to examine correlations between newly identified corneal HOA ablation map features of POE and known topographic indices.

Methods: Prospective multicenter non-interventional descriptive study. A total of 28 eyes from 22 POE patients were enrolled.

Impact of COVID-19 on patient experience of kidney care: a rapid review.

Introduction: In March 2020, a pandemic state was declared due to SARS-COV-2 (COVID-19). Patients with kidney disease, especially those on replacement therapies, proved more susceptible to severe infection. This rapid literature review aims to help understand how the pandemic impacted patient experience of kidney care.

Preterm Formula, Fortified or Unfortified Human Milk for Very Preterm Infants, the PREMFOOD Study: A Parallel Randomised Feasibility Trial.

Objective: Uncertainty exists regarding optimal supplemental diet for very preterm infants if the mother's own milk (MM) is insufficient. We evaluated feasibility for a randomised controlled trial (RCT) powered to detect important differences in health outcomes.

Methods: In this open, parallel, feasibility trial, we randomised infants 25+0-31+6 weeks of gestation by opt-out consent to one of three diets: unfortified human milk (UHM) (unfortified MM and/or unfortified pasteurised human donor milk (DM) supplement), fortified human milk (FHM) (fortified MM and/or fortified DM supplement), and unfortified MM and/or preterm formula (PTF) supplement from birth to 35+0 weeks post menstrual age.

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on services for patients with chronic kidney disease: findings of a national survey of UK kidney centres.

Background: Services for patients with kidney disease underwent radical adaptations in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. We undertook an online national survey of UK kidney centres to understand the nature, range, and degree of variation in these changes and to explore factors contributing to differing practice.

Methods: The survey was designed by a multidisciplinary team of kidney professionals, service users and researchers.

Comparative effectiveness of sotrovimab and molnupiravir for preventing severe COVID-19 outcomes in patients on kidney replacement therapy: observational study using the OpenSAFELY-UKRR and SRR databases.

Background: Due to limited inclusion of patients on kidney replacement therapy (KRT) in clinical trials, the effectiveness of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) therapies in this population remains unclear. We sought to address this by comparing the effectiveness of sotrovimab against molnupiravir, two commonly used treatments for non-hospitalised KRT patients with COVID-19 in the UK.

Methods: With the approval of National Health Service England, we used routine clinical data from 24 million patients in England within the OpenSAFELY-TPP platform linked to the UK Renal Registry (UKRR) to identify patients on KRT.

Comparative effectiveness of two- and three-dose COVID-19 vaccination schedules involving AZD1222 and BNT162b2 in people with kidney disease: a linked OpenSAFELY and UK Renal Registry cohort study.

Background: Kidney disease is a key risk factor for COVID-19-related mortality and suboptimal vaccine response. Optimising vaccination strategies is essential to reduce the disease burden in this vulnerable population. We therefore compared the effectiveness of two- and three-dose schedules involving AZD1222 (AZ; ChAdOx1-S) and BNT162b2 (BNT) among people with kidney disease in England.

Development and Evaluation of Machine Learning in Whole-Body Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Detecting Metastases in Patients With Lung or Colon Cancer: A Diagnostic Test Accuracy Study.

Objectives: Whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (WB-MRI) has been demonstrated to be efficient and cost-effective for cancer staging. The study aim was to develop a machine learning (ML) algorithm to improve radiologists' sensitivity and specificity for metastasis detection and reduce reading times.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective analysis of 438 prospectively collected WB-MRI scans from multicenter Streamline studies (February 2013-September 2016) was undertaken.

What data collection methods work best for COVID19 outbreak surveillance for people with end stage kidney disease? An observational cohort study using the UK Renal Registry.

Background: Patients on kidney replacement therapy (KRT) are vulnerable to severe illness from COVID-19. Timely, accurate surveillance is essential for planning and implementing infection control at local, regional and national levels. Our aim was to compare two methods of data collection for COVID-19 infections amongst KRT patients in England.

Continuum of Care for Older Adults With Concurrent Hearing and Vision Impairment: A Systematic Review.

Background And Objectives: A global report estimates up to 2% of the world population experience concurrent hearing and vision impairment (dual sensory impairment [DSI]). Older adults with DSI are often frequent users of health care, yet the evidence is limited to inform care delivery for this population. This systematic review aimed to synthesize evidence on tools and strategies for screening, assessment, and interventions that promote a continuum of care for older adults with DSI.

Factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine uptake in people with kidney disease: an OpenSAFELY cohort study.

Objective: To characterise factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine uptake among people with kidney disease in England.

Design: Retrospective cohort study using the OpenSAFELY-TPP platform, performed with the approval of NHS England.

Setting: Individual-level routine clinical data from 24 million people across GPs in England using TPP software.

Efficacy and Safety of Aflibercept Therapy for Diabetic Macular Edema: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Purpose: To assess the real-world efficacy and safety of aflibercept for the treatment of diabetic macular edema (DME).

Methods: A systematic search was conducted across multiple databases. Articles were included if participants had DME and received aflibercept treatment for a minimum of 52 ± 4 weeks.

Three-Year Outcomes of a Schlemm Canal Microstent (Hydrus Microstent) with Concomitant Phacoemulsification in Open-Angle Glaucoma.

Purpose: HORIZON trials have reported the medium- and long-term outcomes of the Hydrus microstent. However, outside of randomized clinical trials, outcomes beyond 24 months have not been previously reported. Here, we examine the 3-year outcomes of the Hydrus microstent with cataract surgery outside of a randomized clinical trial setting.

Comparison of Outcomes of In-Centre Haemodialysis Patients between the 1st and 2nd COVID-19 Outbreak in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland: A UK Renal Registry Analysis.

Introduction: This retrospective cohort study compares in-centre haemodialysis (ICHD) patients' outcomes between the 1st and 2nd waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland.

Methods: All people aged ≥18 years receiving ICHD at 31 December 2019, who were still alive and not in receipt of a kidney transplant at 1 March and who had a positive polymerase chain reaction test for SARS-CoV-2 between 1 March 2020 and 31 January 2021, were included. The COVID-19 infections were split into two "waves": wave 1 from March to August 2020 and wave 2 from September 2020 to January 2021.

Symptom clusters in chronic kidney disease and their association with people's ability to perform usual activities.

Background: People living with a long-term condition, such as chronic kidney disease (CKD), often suffer from multiple symptoms simultaneously, making symptom management challenging. This study aimed to identify symptom clusters in adults with CKD across treatment groups and investigate their association with people's ability to perform their usual activities.

Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of both cross-sectional and longitudinal data collected as part of a national service improvement programme in 14 kidney centres in England, UK.

Patient activation and its association with symptom burden and quality of life across the spectrum of chronic kidney disease stages in England.

Background: The knowledge, skills, and confidence to manage one's own health is termed patient activation and can be assessed using the Patient Activation Measure (PAM). This measure is increasingly recommended for use in chronic kidney disease (CKD), but there is a need to better understand patient activation within this population. This work aimed to explore the association of PAM with patient-reported outcomes, namely symptom burden and health-related quality of life (HRQoL), to understand the relationship between patient activation and outcomes which are of importance to people with CKD.

Outcomes of patients with COVID-19 on kidney replacement therapy: a comparison among modalities in England.

Background: Chronic kidney disease is a recognized risk factor of poor outcomes from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Methods: This retrospective cohort study used the UK Renal Registry database of people on kidney replacement therapy (KRT) at the end of 2019 in England and who tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) between 1 March 2020 and 31 August 2020 to analyse the incidence and outcomes of COVID-19 among different KRT modalities. Comparisons with 2015-2019 mortality data were used to estimate excess deaths.

Centre variation in mortality following post-hospitalization acute kidney injury: analysis of a large national cohort.

Background: Routine monitoring of outcomes for patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) is important to drive ongoing quality improvement in patient care. In this study we describe the development of a case mix-adjusted 30-day mortality indicator for patients with post-hospitalization AKI (PH-AKI) across England to facilitate identification of any unwarranted centre variation in outcomes.

Methods: We utilized a routinely collected national dataset of biochemically detected AKI cases linked with national hospitals administrative and mortality data.

The ERA-EDTA Registry Annual Report 2018: a summary.

Background: The European Renal Association - European Dialysis and Transplant Association (ERA-EDTA) Registry collects data on kidney replacement therapy (KRT) via national and regional renal registries in Europe and countries bordering the Mediterranean Sea. This article summarizes the 2018 ERA-EDTA Registry Annual Report, and describes the epidemiology of KRT for kidney failure in 34 countries.

Methods: Individual patient data on patients undergoing KRT in 2018 were provided by 34 national or regional renal registries and aggregated data by 17 registries.