Head and neck cancer mortality trends in Espírito Santo, Brazil.

Introduction: In Brazil, regional disparities in mortality rates are evident. This study analyzes the mortality trends of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) from 1998 to 2017 in Espírito Santo.

Methods: Data on deaths were obtained from the Unified Health System's Department of Informatics (DATASUS), and population statistics were sourced from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE).

Effects of acute hypothyroidism on plasma melatonin and and expression in the pineal gland and gonads of rats.

Introduction: The reproductive system is tightly regulated by environmental and physiological signals. Melatonin, known as the hormone of darkness, plays a crucial role in regulating both the circadian and reproductive systems in mammals. Hypothyroidism is a key endocrine disorder that harms the reproductive system.

Prevalence and factors associated with hepatitis B susceptibility among men who sex with men on HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis in Northeastern Brazil: a cross-sectional study.

Background: This study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with susceptibility to hepatitis B virus (HBV) among cisgender men who have sex with men (MSM) on HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in Northeastern Brazil.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional, analytical study conducted between September 2021 and June 2023. Participants underwent structured interviews to collect sociodemographic and clinical information, including hepatitis B vaccination history, HIV PrEP use and sexual health history.

Factors associated with hepatitis A susceptibility among men who have sex with men using HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis in Northeastern Brazil: A cross-sectional study.

Hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection has disproportionately affected more men who have sex with men (MSM), occurring in outbreaks, despite being vaccine-preventable. We determined the prevalence and factors associated with HAV susceptibility among cisgender MSM on HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in Northeastern Brazil. From September 30, 2021 to June 19, 2023, 282 cisgender MSM receiving HIV PrEP were enrolled into this cross-sectional study.

The impact of physical-chemistry on film thinning in surface bubbles.

In this paper, we investigate the thinning dynamics of evaporating surfactant-stabilised surface bubbles by considering the role of physical-chemistry of solutions used in a liquid bath. We study the impact of the surfactant concentration below and above the cmc (critical micelle concentration) and the role of ambient humidity. First, in a humidity-saturated atmosphere, we show that if the initial thickness depends on the surfactant concentration and is limited by the surface elasticity, the drainage dynamics are very well described from the capillary and gravity contributions.

Muscle Injury: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment.

Skeletal muscle tissue has the largest mass in the human body, accounting for 45% of the total weight. Muscle injuries can be caused by bruising, stretching or laceration. The current classification divides these injuries into mild, moderate and severe.

Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy for Cartilage Repair: Preclinical Evaluation Methods.

A chondral injury is a limiting disease that can affect the quality of life and be an economic burden due to the cost of immediate treatment and loss in work productivity. If left untreated, such an injury may progress to osteoarthritis, a degenerative and debilitating joint disease characterized by pain and functional impairment. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), which have immune-modulatory properties and the ability to differentiate into chondroblasts and osteoblasts, are a predictable source for the treatment of cartilage injuries.

Valvuloplasty Without Prosthetic Ring or Band in Patients with Degenerative Mitral Regurgitation: Long-Term Results and Predictive Factors for Outcomes.

Introduction: Mitral valvuloplasty including ring/band support is widely performed despite potential drawbacks of rings. Unsupported valvuloplasty is performed in only a few centers. This study aimed to report long-term outcomes of patients undergoing unsupported valvuloplasty for degenerative mitral regurgitation (MR) and to identify predictive factors for outcomes.

Metformin Improves Autonomic Nervous System Imbalance and Metabolic Dysfunction in Monosodium L-Glutamate-Treated Rats.

Metformin is an antidiabetic drug used for the treatment of diabetes and metabolic diseases. Imbalance in the autonomic nervous system (ANS) is associated with metabolic diseases. This study aimed to test whether metformin could improve ANS function in obese rats.

Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) as a modulator of plasma membrane Ca-ATPase from basolateral membranes of kidney proximal tubules.

Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) acts through the activation of G protein-coupled receptors, in a Ca-dependent manner. We show the effects of LPA on the plasma membrane Ca-ATPase (PMCA) from kidney proximal tubule cells. The Ca-ATPase activity was inhibited by nanomolar concentrations of LPA, with maximal inhibition (~50%) obtained with 20 nM LPA.

A protocol for rapid monocyte isolation and generation of singular human monocyte-derived dendritic cells.

The monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs) are a subset of dendritic cells widely used in immunological studies as a convenient and easy approach after isolation of mononuclear cells directly from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Both the purification and cell culture of monocytes impact on the differentiation of monocytes into moDCs. The methodology to isolate and differentiate monocytes into moDCs is still controversial.

Assessment of bendamustine-induced genotoxicity in eukaryotic cells.

Bendamustine, an anticancer drug with alkylating properties, is widely used to treat hematological malignancies. Since the nitrogen mustard family alkylators induce DNA damages and have been associated with an elevated risk of second malignancy, current study evaluates the cytotoxic, mutagenic, and recombinogenic effects of bendamustine by using, respectively the mitotic index assay, the in vitro mammalian cell micronucleus test (Mnvit) and the chromosome aberration (CA) test in human peripheral lymphocytes, and the in vivo homozygotization assay in Aspergillus nidulans, which detects the loss of heterozygosity (LOH) due to somatic recombination. Bendamustine (6.

Quantitative and qualitative variables of semen from surubim do Iguaçu, Steindachneridion melanodermatum Garavello, 2005 (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae).

The objective of the present work was to assess the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of semen from the surubim do Iguaçu (Steindachneridion melanodermatum). Induced spermiation was achieved in eleven males with mean weight of 1.76 ± 0.

Inhibitory Effects of Bean Oil and Extract on .

Background: is a tree of the Brazilian Savannah. The beans of this tree are used in folk medicine as anti-inflammatory preparations, especially for infections caused by . These bacteria can cause simple infections or serious illnesses such as pneumonia, meningitis, endocarditis, toxic shock syndrome, septicemia, and others.

Chronic Glibenclamide Treatment Attenuates Walker-256 Tumour Growth in Prediabetic Obese Rats.

Background/aims: The sulphonylurea glibenclamide (Gli) is widely used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. In addition to its antidiabetic effects, low incidences of certain types of cancer have been observed in Gli-treated diabetic patients. However, the mechanisms underlying this observation remain unclear.

Glibenclamide treatment blocks metabolic dysfunctions and improves vagal activity in monosodium glutamate-obese male rats.

Background/aims: Autonomic nervous system imbalance is associated with metabolic diseases, including diabetes. Glibenclamide is an antidiabetic drug that acts by stimulating insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells and is widely used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Since there is scarce data concerning autonomic nervous system activity and diabetes, the aim of this work was to test whether glibenclamide can improve autonomic nervous system activity and muscarinic acetylcholine receptor function in pre-diabetic obese male rats.

Late Outcome and Predictors of Adverse Events Related to the Implantation of a Permanent Pacemaker in Patients with Isolated Congenital Atrioventricular Block.

Isolated congenital atrioventricular block (ICAVB) is a rare, and pacemaker implantation is the only effective treatment. We sought to identify the predictive factors of adverse events related to pacemaker implantation in ICAVB. This is a cohort study of patients diagnosed with ICAVB who underwent pacemaker implantation from 1980 to 2014 in a single center.

Genotoxic investigation of a thiazolidinedione PPARγ agonist using the in vitro micronucleus test and the in vivo homozygotization assay.

Pioglitazone (PTZ) is an oral antidiabetic agent whose anti-cancer properties have been described recently. Since PTZ increases the production of reactive oxygen species in mammalian cells, the aim of current study was to evaluate the cytotoxic, mutagenic and recombinogenic effects of PTZ using respectively the in vitro mitotic index assay and the in vitro mammalian cell micronucleus test in human peripheral lymphocytes, and the in vivo homozygotization assay in Aspergillus nidulans, which detects the loss of heterozygosity due to somatic recombination. Although the lowest PTZ concentrations (4-36 μM) did not show any significant rise in the micronucleus production, the higher PTZ concentration (108 μM) produced a statistically higher number of micronuclei than the negative control and significantly altered the cell-proliferation kinetics, demonstrating the mutagenic and antiproliferative effects of PTZ, respectively.

Early treatment with metformin induces resistance against tumor growth in adult rats.

It is known that antidiabetic drug metformin, which is used worldwide, has anti-cancer effects and can be used to prevent cancer growth. We tested the hypothesis that tumor cell growth can be inhibited by early treatment with metformin. For this purpose, adult rats chronically treated with metformin in adolescence or in adulthood were inoculated with Walker 256 carcinoma cells.

The GAB2 and BDNF polymorphisms and the risk for late-onset Alzheimer's disease in an elderly Brazilian sample.

Background: Evidences suggest that GAB2 and BDNF genes may be associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). We aimed to investigate the GAB2 rs2373115 and BDNF rs6265 polymorphisms and the risk of AD in a Brazilian sample.

Methods: 269 AD patients and 114 controls were genotyped with Real-time PCR.

Assessment of in vivo and in vitro genotoxicity of glibenclamide in eukaryotic cells.

Glibenclamide is an oral hypoglycemic drug commonly prescribed for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, whose anti-tumor activity has been recently described in several human cancer cells. The mutagenic potential of such an antidiabetic drug and its recombinogenic activity in eukaryotic cells were evaluated, the latter for the first time. The mutagenic potential of glibenclamide in therapeutically plasma (0.

Gene homozygosis and mitotic recombination induced by camptothecin and irinotecan in Aspergillus nidulans diploid cells.

Mitotic recombination is a process involved in carcinogenesis which can lead to genetic loss through the loss of heterozygosity. The recombinogenic potentials of two anticancer drugs topoisomerase I inhibitors, camptothecin (CPT) and irinotecan (CPT-11), were evaluated in the present study. The homozygotization assay, which assess the induction of mitotic recombination and gene homozygosis, as well as the heterozygous A757//UT448 diploid strain of Aspergillus nidulans were employed.

Meta-analysis of continuous oral anticoagulants versus heparin bridging in patients undergoing CIED surgery: reappraisal after the BRUISE study.

Background: Management of patients treated with oral anticoagulation (OAC) requiring a cardiovascular implantable electronic device (CIED) surgery is a challenge that requires balancing the risk of bleeding complications with the risk of thromboembolic events. Recently the approach of performing these procedures while the patient remains with a therapeutic international normalized ratio has gained interest due to several publications showing its relative safety.

Objectives: To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of continuous use of OAC compared with heparin bridging in the perioperative setting of CIED surgery using a meta-analysis.