Differential Distribution of RBPMS in Pig, Rat, and Human Retina after Damage.

RNA binding protein with multiple splicing (RBPMS) is expressed exclusively in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in the retina and can label all RGCs in normal retinas of mice, rats, guinea pigs, rabbits, cats, and monkeys, but its function in these cells is not known. As a result of the limited knowledge regarding RBPMS, we analyzed the expression of RBPMS in the retina of different mammalian species (humans, pigs, and rats), in various stages of development (neonatal and adult) and with different levels of injury (control, hypoxia, and organotypic culture or explants). In control conditions, RBPMS was localized in the RGCs somas in the ganglion cell layer, whereas in hypoxic conditions, it was localized in the RGCs dendrites in the inner plexiform layer.

Ocular Hypertension/Glaucoma in Minipigs: Episcleral Veins Cauterization and Microbead Occlusion Methods.

Two methods to induce elevation of the intraocular pressure (experimental glaucoma) are described in the present chapter. The first method is based on increasing the post-trabecular resistance to aqueous outflow by cauterizing the episcleral veins (EVC). This method allows the observation of ultrastructural changes in the trabecular meshwork (TM) without interfering with any structure within the eye such as TM, ciliary body, and/or the Retina.

Forgotten intrauterine contraceptive device - A threat to total hip prosthesis: A case report with review of the literature.

Primary total hip replacement has become a routine procedure these days. With improvement in surgical techniques and implant designs, the survival rate of prosthesis has increased significantly but unfortunately, prosthetic infections though uncommon continue to be a threatening complication. We present a detailed review of the literature along with a case report of infected total hip prosthesis in a 36-year-old female who had been operated 6 years back.

Jumbo Cutter for Removal of A Bent Femoral Interlocking Nail: A Cost Effective Method.

Closed diaphyseal femoral shaft fractures can be treated with multiple surgical options. It is more challenging to remove a bent nail than a broken one because it is difficult to retrieve the bent nail through the intramedullary canal. Various authors have published their techniques for removal of bent femoral interlocking nail.

Glia-neuron interactions in the mammalian retina.

The mammalian retina provides an excellent opportunity to study glia-neuron interactions and the interactions of glia with blood vessels. Three main types of glial cells are found in the mammalian retina that serve to maintain retinal homeostasis: astrocytes, Müller cells and resident microglia. Müller cells, astrocytes and microglia not only provide structural support but they are also involved in metabolism, the phagocytosis of neuronal debris, the release of certain transmitters and trophic factors and K(+) uptake.

Evaluation of clinical diagnosis by knee arthroscopy.

This prospective study was carried out in the orthopaedic department of a medical college to evaluate the accuracy of clinical diagnosis by knee arthroscopy. The reliability of clinical assessment (history and physical examination) was determined by comparing the initial pre-operative diagnosis with the postoperative diagnosis as determined by arthroscopy. The study group included 50 patients (50 knees) scheduled for arthroscopic surgery for suspected internal derangements of knees.

Neuroprotective effects of topical CB1 agonist WIN 55212-2 on retinal ganglion cells after acute rise in intraocular pressure induced ischemia in rat.

Neuroprotection in retinal experimental work consists primarily of preventing retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss after exposure to a hostile event. We have studied the neuroprotective effect on RGCs in an ischemia-reperfusion model by activation of the cannabinoid receptor CB1 using topical application of WIN 55212-2. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was increased by continuous infusion of phosphate buffer saline (PBS) into the anterior chamber of the eye.

Morphology of retinal vessels in the optic disk in a Göttingen minipig experimental glaucoma model.

Objective: To compare the morphology of normal, healthy Gottingen minipig retinal vessels of the optic disk with experimentally induced glaucomatous optic disks in order to identify the glaucomatous excavation. Present results were compared to human glaucoma findings.

Procedure: Sixteen eyes from eight Göttingen minipigs were studied using fundoscopic photography and fluorescein angiography.

Deficient histone acetylation and excessive deacetylase activity as epigenomic marks of prostate cancer cells.

Aberrant epigenomic alterations include incorrect histone modifications involving altered expression of chromatin-modifying proteins. They contribute to gene silencing and carcinogenesis. The nature of the epigenomic alterations occurring with prostate cancer remains to be fully identified.

Neuroprotectin D1 inhibits retinal ganglion cell death following axotomy.

Neuroprotectin D1 (NPD1), a docosahexaenoic acid-derived autacoid, is an endogenous neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory mediator that is generated in the retina and brain. The effects of exogenous NPD1 on retinal ganglion cell (RGC) apoptosis and the role of 12/15-lipoxygenase (Alox15) in retina were evaluated after optic nerve transection (ONT). Treatment with NPD1 was associated with significant protection against RGC death.

Traumatic inferior hip dislocation in an adult with ipsilateral trochanteric fracture.

Traumatic Inferior dislocation of hip in adult is an extremely rare occurrence. We report a case of an inferior hip dislocation associated with an intertrochanteric fracture. Treatment consisted of an initial closed manipulative reduction of the dislocation with the aid of a Schanz screw inserted in a T handle universal chuck and using C-arm imaging.

Assessment of sexual functions after spinal cord injury in Indian patients.

This study assessed the interacting physical, psychological and social aspects of sexuality among 86 males and 14 females with spinal cord injury (SCI). Data collection involved the use of a 42-item study-specific questionnaire designed to determine different aspects of sexuality. Subjects were rated, after interview, on a scale according to an integrated index of sexual function (IISF).

Dorzolamide and timolol saves retinal ganglion cells in glaucomatous adult rats.

Purpose: This study was designed to evaluate the effects of a dorzolamide-timolol combination or dorzolamide on retinal ganglion cell (RGC) density and intraocular pressure (IOP) in glaucomatous eyes of adult rats.

Methods: Glaucoma was induced in the right eye of adult Wistar rats by episcleral venous occlusion. One experimental group was administered dorzolamide 2%-timolol 0.

Multilayered retinal microglial response to optic nerve transection in rats.

Purpose: Microglia normally exist in several layers across the retinal thickness. When retinal ganglion cells undergo apoptosis after lesion to their axons, microglial cells proliferate and promptly clear the debris. We have previously reported on the phagocytic response following optic nerve axotomy.

The role of Bax-inhibiting peptide in retinal ganglion cell apoptosis after optic nerve transection.

Bax, a pro-apoptotic member of Bcl-2 family proteins, plays a central role in mitochondria-dependent apoptosis. Bax normally resides in the cytosol in a quiescent state. Bax-inhibiting peptide (BIP) is a membrane permeable peptide comprised of five amino acids designed from the Bax-binding domain of Ku70 [M.

Broad spectrum caspase inhibitor rescues retinal ganglion cells after ischemia.

Following ischemia/reperfusion the death of retinal ganglion cells in adult Wistar rat retina continues for weeks. Using new, more stable caspase inhibitor, Q-VD-OPH we studied its neuroprotective effect on identifiable retinal ganglion cells after 75 min ischemia followed by reperfusion. Q-VD-OPH was injected intravitreally 48 h after ischemia/reperfusion.

Rat retinal ganglion cells co-express brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptor TrkB.

The expression of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its preferred receptor (TrkB) in rat retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) have been determined in the present study. To identify RGCs retrograde labelling was performed with fluorogold (FG). Subsequently, retinas were immunostained with antibodies to BDNF and TrkB.