[New selen-organic biologically active nutrition supplement as a palliative for protection against chemical exposure].

The article covers data on new biologically active nutrition supplement containing 3 generation selenium compound. The data include biologic effects, pharmacokinetics and usage recommendation for the supplement.

[Some results and prospects of developing general and industrial toxicology in RAMSc Institute of Occupational Medicine].

The author briefly describes major stages of toxicologic research development in Institute of industrial hygiene and occupational diseases (now--RAMSc Institute of Occupational Medicine).

[On problem concerning palliative protective means against chemical exposure].

The article covers principles and methods of radical and palliative (auxillary) anti-chemical protection. The author presents personal materials on molecular (inherited and acquired) markers of increased individual sensitivity to ecotoxic materials, results of personal experiments on using antidote nutrition for preventing isocyanate and cadmium effects.

[Methodology of biological norm in occupational medicine].

Theoretical concept of biologic norm is a basic principle of medical practice. This concept constantly changes according to social conditions.

[Combined effects of psychoemotional stress and carbon monoxide in experiments].

Psychoemotional stress and exposure to various concentrations of carbon monoxide are antagonists or act independently. The results necessitate changes in MAC for carbon monoxide in air of workplace.

[Reproductive health and social guarantees].

Main cause of demographic crisis seen in Russian Federation is dramatic decrease of birth rate that depends on many reasons including negative results of Family Planning Program. Extraordinary measures discussed now are: pregnancy payment (instead of parturition payment), lump-sum premium for birth (instead of allowance), snap provision of housing and other encouragements, orientation of Family Planning Program from birth control to birth propaganda and to prophylactics of reproductive disorders.

[Prospects of the development of preventive toxicology in the 21st century].

The national toxicology has created considerable theoretical potential to enter XXI century. Significant experience is associated with introducing the novelties. However, some circumstances inhibit environmental protection from chemical disorder.

[The late sequelae of exposure to solvents (the gonadotropic, embryotropic, mutagenic and gerontogenic actions)].

Experiments, clinical and hygienic research revealed multiple long-term effects caused by various chemical solvents. Systematic study covered the solvents' influence on reproductive function (gonads, fetus, descendants) and helped to set safety standards for putting some solvents into production. Individual solvents appeared to accelerate natural aging.

[Present-day health policy in the area of chemical safety].

The article deals with priority spheres of anti-chemical protection of workers and general population in up-to-date conditions. The authors suggest and discuss new definition for a term "maximal allowable concentration".

[Hygienic aspects of the regulation of occupational chemicals].

Hygienic regulation of chemical hazards in the air of workplace has a 70-year history in this country. Now a definition "maximal allowable concentration in the air of workplace" needs to be more precise, and a list of MACs should be modified.

[Probability of health impairment by exposure to chemicals at the level of sanitary standards and the problem of individual sensitivity].

The paper briefly outlines the problems in estimating the probability of the population's health impairments caused to the individual person's hypersensitivity due do their genetic and their acquired properties when it is chemically exposed at the level of the maximum allowable concentrations. In connection with the environmental situation, it is quite necessary to concentrate everybody's attention on palliative antichemical protective measures.

[Classification of the toxicity of chemical compounds on the basis of statistical analysis of lethal dose and concentration curves].

The results of peroral administration of 4451 chemicals and inhalation of 276 chemicals into rats and mice were described by lethal doses and concentrations distribution curves, which were then subjected to statistic analysis. All that helped to base the classification of chemical toxicity in single exposure.

[Classification of toxicity and hazardousness of chemical substances applied by different countries and international organizations].

The article analyses information on chemical toxicity and jeopardy classifications applied by 6 regional and international organizations as well as 73 countries. The united international classification is absent, therefore the difficulty to classify the substance puts up barriers in the international trade.

[Brief review of documents with data on the toxicity and hazards of chemical substances developed in various countries].

Nowadays various information documents on toxicity and danger of chemical substances exist, i. e., toxicologic certificates, data profiles, trade certificates, etc.

Results obtained in short-term experiments and their application prospects in prognosticating threshold levels of chronic exposure to chemical compounds.

Joint studies carried out by toxicologists of CMEA countries have led to the development of new ways of approach to the problem of rapid establishment of toxicometric parameters and hygienic standards (TSEL, MAC) for the working-zone atmosphere. One of the most promising approaches is the rapid establishment of MAC from the threshold of acute specific effect. Upon this principle, methodical directives for determining MAC values for specifically active irritants were elaborated.