Pathogens spread by high-altitude windborne mosquitoes.

Recent studies have revealed that many mosquito species regularly engage in high-altitude windborne migration, but its epidemiological significance was debated. The hypothesis that high-altitude mosquitoes spread pathogens over large distances has not been directly tested. Here, we report for the first time that high-altitude windborne mosquitoes are commonly infected with arboviruses, protozoans, and helminths affecting vertebrates and humans, and provide the first description of this pathogen-vector aerial network.

Invasion and spread of the neotropical leafhopper (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) in Africa and North America and the role of high-altitude windborne migration in invasive insects.

Invasive insects threaten ecosystem stability, public health, and food security. Documenting newly invasive species and understanding how they reach into new territories, establish populations, and interact with other species remain vitally important. Here, we report on the invasion of the South American leafhopper, into Africa, where it has established populations in Ghana, encroaching inland at least 350 km off the coast.

Tracking SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity in rural communities using blood-fed mosquitoes: a proof-of-concept study.

Background: The spread of SARS-CoV-2 cannot be well monitored and understood in areas without capacity for effective disease surveillance. Countries with a young population will have disproportionately large numbers of asymptomatic or pauci-symptomatic infections, further hindering detection of infection. Sero-surveillance on a country-wide scale by trained medical professionals may be limited in a resource-limited setting such as Mali.

Tracking SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity in rural communities using blood-fed mosquitoes.

The spread of SARS-CoV-2 cannot be well monitored and understood in areas without capacity for effective disease surveillance. Countries with a young population will have disproportionately large numbers of asymptomatic or pauci-symptomatic infections, further hindering detection of infection in the population. Sero-surveillance on a country-wide scale by trained medical professionals may be limited in scope in resource limited setting such as Mali.

Diversity, composition, altitude, and seasonality of high-altitude windborne migrating mosquitoes in the Sahel: Implications for disease transmission.

Recent studies have reported mosquitoes captured at high-altitude (40-290 m above ground) in the Sahel. Here, we describe this migration modality across genera and species of African Culicidae and examine its implications for disease transmission and control. As well as , six other genera-, and comprised 90% of the 2,340 mosquitoes captured at altitude.

Isotopic evidence that aestivation allows malaria mosquitoes to persist through the dry season in the Sahel.

Data suggest that the malaria vector mosquito Anopheles coluzzii persists during the dry season in the Sahel through a dormancy mechanism known as aestivation; however, the contribution of aestivation compared with alternative strategies such as migration is unknown. Here we marked larval Anopheles mosquitoes in two Sahelian villages in Mali using deuterium (H) to assess the contribution of aestivation to persistence of mosquitoes through the seven-month dry season. After an initial enrichment period, 33% of An.

A novel fluorescence and DNA combination for versatile, long-term marking of mosquitoes.

Current mark-release-recapture methodologies are limited in their ability to address complex problems in vector biology, such as studying multiple groups overlapping in space and time. Additionally, limited mark retention, reduced post-marking survival and the large effort in marking, collection and recapture all complicate effective insect tracking.We have developed and evaluated a marking method using a fluorescent dye (SmartWater) combined with synthetic DNA tags to informatively and efficiently mark adult mosquitoes using an airbrush pump and nebulizer.

Diversity, dynamics, direction, and magnitude of high-altitude migrating insects in the Sahel.

Long-distance migration of insects impacts food security, public health, and conservation-issues that are especially significant in Africa. Windborne migration is a key strategy enabling exploitation of ephemeral havens such as the Sahel, however, its knowledge remains sparse. In this first cross-season investigation (3 years) of the aerial fauna over Africa, we sampled insects flying 40-290 m above ground in Mali, using nets mounted on tethered helium-filled balloons.

Marking mosquitoes in their natural larval sites using H-enriched water: a promising approach for tracking over extended temporal and spatial scales.

Background: 1.Tracking mosquitoes using current methods of mark-release-recapture are limited to small spatial and temporal scales exposing major gaps in understanding long-range movements and extended survival. Novel approaches to track mosquitoes may yield fresh insights into their biology which improves intervention activities to reduce disease transmission.

Quantifying flight aptitude variation in wild Anopheles gambiae in order to identify long-distance migrants.

Background: In the West African Sahel, mosquito reproduction is halted during the 5-7 month-long dry season, due to the absence of surface waters required for larval development. However, recent studies have suggested that both Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto (s.s.

The Effects of High-Altitude Windborne Migration on Survival, Oviposition, and Blood-Feeding of the African Malaria Mosquito, Anopheles gambiae s.l. (Diptera: Culicidae).

Recent results of high-altitude windborne mosquito migration raised questions about the viability of these mosquitoes despite ample evidence that many insect species, including other dipterans, have been known to migrate regularly over tens or hundreds of kilometers on high-altitude winds and retain their viability. To address these concerns, we subjected wild Anopheles gambiae s.l.

Fertility after Endoscopic Surgery for Ectopic Pregnancy Management in Point "G" Teaching Hospital, Bamako-Mali.

Endoscopic surgery of ectopic pregnancy is actually the gold standard for the management of fallopian tubal diseases. A survey was conducted to evaluate fertility in patients who underwent endoscopic management for ectopic pregnancy. A retrospective study was conducted at the department of general and endoscopic surgery of the Point "G" teaching hospital, in Bamako, Mali, from January 1st 2007 to December 31, 2016.

[Surgery wound infection at surgery "A" department of the University Hospital Point G].

Aim: To determine the frequency of the surgery wound infection, its favoring factors, causative germs and its antibiotic treatment of choice in the surgery "A" department of the University Hospital Point G.

Method: In a retrospective descriptive study over a 6-month period in the surgery "A" department of the University Hospital Point G, we enrolled all patients who underwent surgery necessitating at least 48 hours of hospital admission during our study period and in conformity with the Atlanta CDC criteria. Surgery patients with less than 48 hours postoperative hospital stay and those admitted to the hospital without surgery were not included.

Windborne long-distance migration of malaria mosquitoes in the Sahel.

Over the past two decades efforts to control malaria have halved the number of cases globally, yet burdens remain high in much of Africa and the elimination of malaria has not been achieved even in areas where extreme reductions have been sustained, such as South Africa. Studies seeking to understand the paradoxical persistence of malaria in areas in which surface water is absent for 3-8 months of the year have suggested that some species of Anopheles mosquito use long-distance migration. Here we confirm this hypothesis through aerial sampling of mosquitoes at 40-290 m above ground level and provide-to our knowledge-the first evidence of windborne migration of African malaria vectors, and consequently of the pathogens that they transmit.

[Diagnosis and therapeutic aspects of the amoebic liver abscesses in the surgery at point "G" Hospital].

Aim: Our aim was to evaluate the diagnosis and therapeutic aspects of the amoebic liver abscesses in the surgery «A» department of the University hospital Point "G".

Patients And Methods: Were included in this study, patients admitted to the surgery «A» department for amoebic liver abscess confirmed by a positive amoebic serology and the chocolate appearance of bacteria-free pus. Bacterial liver abscesses were not included into this study.

[Appendiceal Duplication In A Patient Operated For Chilled Appendix Breastplate At Gao Regional Hospital].

Unlabelled: Appendiceal duplication is the very rare malformation. It was first described by Picoli in 1892. It is a condition that is most often seen in the first years of life, sometimes some forms may remain asymptomatic and only occur in adulthood.

[Necrotizing cervico-facial cellulitis of dental origin in a developing country].

Introduction: Necrotizing cellulitis of dental origin is a serious disease and requires prompt and effective management to avoid adverse outcomes. The purpose of this work is to describe the diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties encountered in this condition.

Methods: This was a prospective study in the thoracic surgery department of Mali Hospital from January 2011 to February 2015.

[Management of goiters in the surgery «A» department of the Point G university hospital].

Unlabelled: The aim of this study was to evaluate the surgical treatment of goiter in the «A» surgical department of the Point G University Hospital in Bamako.

Patients And Methods: This was a retrospective and descriptive study in the «A» surgical department of the Point G University Hospital from January 2007 to August 2014. Included in the study were all the patients operated for goiter.

[Heller myotomy by transthoracic procedure, a single center experience in Mali with 21 cases].

Aims: To evaluate the midterm results of myotomy for achalasia by thoracotomy procedure with the introduction of anti-reflux system by diaphragmatic flap.

Patients And Methods: This was a prospective study involved 21 patients (14 women and 7 men) operated for idiopathic megaesophagus during a period of 3 years. All the patients were operated by thoracotomy procedure.

[Interest of laparoscopic surgery in the management of chronic abdominal pains in the surgery "A" department of the of the Point G University Hospital].

Aim: to evaluate the contribution of laparoscopic surgery in the management of chronic abdominal pains of unspecified etiology.

Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted over a period of 49 months (March 2008 to March 2012), in the surgery A service of the Point G university hospital.

Results: 52 patients suffering from chronic abdominal pain for 3 months have been listed.

Signatures of aestivation and migration in Sahelian malaria mosquito populations.

During the long Sahelian dry season, mosquito vectors of malaria are expected to perish when no larval sites are available; yet, days after the first rains, mosquitoes reappear in large numbers. How these vectors persist over the 3-6-month long dry season has not been resolved, despite extensive research for over a century. Hypotheses for vector persistence include dry-season diapause (aestivation) and long-distance migration (LDM); both are facets of vector biology that have been highly controversial owing to lack of concrete evidence.

Acute sigmoid volvulus: results of surgical treatment in the teaching hospitals of Bamako.

Objective: The aim was to evaluate the results of surgical treatment of occlusion of the sigmoid colon due to volvulus.

Patients And Methods: This was a retrospective study from 1996 to 2010 of all patients undergoing surgery for sigmoid volvulus in surgical wards of the University Hospital of Bamako.

Results: A total of 417 patients were identified including 379 men and 38 women.

[Treatment of malignant gastric tumors in the surgery "a" department of the Point G teaching hospital: 84 cases].

Objective: To evaluate the short-term results of the treatment of malignant gastric tumors.

Patients And Methods: A 3-year retrospective study from january 2007 to december 2010 was conducted in the Surgery "A" department of the Point G Teaching Hospital. The clinical records of 84 patients with gastric cancers were collected.

[Volvulus of sigmoid colon: surgical treatment and prognosis in the services of General Surgery of the Point G Teaching Hospital].

Objective: To study the therapeutic aspects and prognosis of volvulus of the sigmoid colon in surgical departments.

Patients And Methods: Our study was retrospective from January 2000 to December 2009 (10 years). All patients who underwent sigmoid volvulus in the Point G teaching hospital surgical departments were taken into account.

[Postoperative peritonitis in the Surgery B department of the Point G hospital].

Objective: To determine the incidence of postoperative peritonitis, and describe their clinical, paraclinical and therapeutic aspects.

Patients And Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted between 1980 and 2010 in the Department of Surgery B of the Point G University Hospital. It focused on all patients who underwent surgical intra-abdominal in the Surgery B department.