Associations between study questionnaire-assessed need and school doctor-evaluated benefit of routine health checks: an observational study.

Background: In Finland, school doctors examine all children at predetermined ages in addition to annual health checks by school nurses. This study explored the association of study questionnaire-assessed need for and school doctor-evaluated benefit of routine health checks conducted by doctors.

Methods: Between August 2017 and August 2018, we recruited a random sample of 1341 children in grades 1 and 5 (aged seven and eleven years, respectively) from 21 elementary schools in four Finnish municipalities.

Stability of parent-reported food allergy in six and 7-year-old children: the first 5 years of the Finnish allergy programme.

Aim: The Finnish national allergy programme was introduced in 2008 to decrease the burden of allergy in the population. This study, carried out in 2013, evaluated the prevalence of parent-reported food allergies, treated with an avoidance diet until early school age, and discussed the rates in relation to those found in an identical study in 2009.

Methods: School health nurses used a structured questionnaire to interview the parents of 1653 children aged of six or seven in the first year of elementary school.

[Initiation and monitoring of contraception].

The majority of those requiring contraception may safely use any available contraceptive method. Each method has, however, its particular contraindications, which should be screened by applying careful anamnesis and focused status, when contraception is being initiated. Gynecologic examination is not a prerequisite for the initiation of hormonal contraception, but measurement and monitoring of blood pressure is important.

Quality of the contraceptive service structure: a pilot study in Finnish health centre organisations.

Objectives: To evaluate the quality of the contraceptive service structure in health centre organisations (HCOs) in western Finland and to establish whether the characteristics of the HCOs are associated with the quality measured.

Methods: Survey data were collected from all HCOs in a university hospital area in western Finland (N = 63). Quality was evaluated using a score of ten indicators.

Provision of contraception: a survey among primary care physicians in Finland.

Objective: To investigate self-reported practices of contraceptive provision among primary care physicians.

Design: A cross-sectional questionnaire study.

Setting: All community health centers (n = 63) in an university hospital area in Western Finland.

Initiation of postpartum contraception: a survey among health centre physicians and nurses in Finland.

Objective: To examine self-reported professional practices of postpartum contraceptive counselling at Finnish community health centres.

Design: A survey study with self-administered online questionnaires.

Setting: All local municipalities (n = 107) in the Expert Responsibility Area of Tampere University Hospital in Western Finland in 2005.

Promotion of adolescent sexual health in primary care: survey in Finnish health centres.

Objectives: To describe adolescent sexual health services in primary care in Finland, focusing on services for contraceptive counselling, sexually transmitted infections and abortion.

Methods: Service provision, accessibility and practices were surveyed in all 63 health centre organizations (HCOs) in a hospital district in Western Finland via separate e-mailed questionnaires to chief physicians (n = 49, response rate 78%), directors of nursing (58, 92%), doctors (49, 78%) and nurses (62, 98%).

Results: Dedicated youth clinics existed in only three HCOs.

In situ hybridization of ovalbumin mRNA in the chick oviduct reveals target cell specificity for estrogen and progesterone.

An in situ hybridization method using paraffin-embedded sections was used to characterize the chicken oviduct cells synthesizing ovalbumin mRNA due to the action of estrogen and progesterone. The cytodifferentiation of the oviduct cells was induced by 17 beta-estradiol administration to newly hatched female chicks. To avoid possible effect of estrogen on the action of progesterone the chicks were withdrawn from the estrogen by six days withdrawal period without hormone treatment.

The effect of dihydrotestosterone on the estrogen-induced cytodifferentiation of the chick oviduct.

The androgenic effects on the estrogen-induced cytodifferentiation of the chick oviduct epithelium were investigated. Dihydrotestosterone was shown to have an effect on the organization of stromal cells. Since these cells contained androgen receptor (AR), it is reasonable to assume an involvement of androgens in the differentiation and functioning of these cells through a direct action.

Progesterone receptor is constitutively expressed in chicken intestinal mesothelium and smooth muscle.

We have previously shown that progesterone receptor (PR) is expressed in the mesothelium of the chick oviduct and ovary and in the smooth muscle cells of the oviduct and the bursa of Fabricius. Here, we investigated the presence of PR in different parts of the peritoneum and abdominal organs using an immunohistochemical staining based on monoclonal antibodies against chicken PR. In 4-week-old sexually immature chicks, PR expression was located in the mesothelial cells of different parts of the peritoneum, in a thin layer of muscle cells of the ileum and throughout the muscle tissue of the colon and cloaca.