Rapid biphasic decay of intact and defective HIV DNA reservoir during acute treated HIV disease.

Despite antiretroviral therapy (ART), HIV persists in latently-infected cells (the HIV reservoir) which decay slowly over time. Here, leveraging >500 longitudinal samples from 67 people living with HIV (PLWH) treated during acute infection, we developed a mathematical model to predict reservoir decay from peripheral CD4 + T cells. Nonlinear generalized additive models demonstrated rapid biphasic decay of intact DNA (week 0-5: t ~ 2.

Transient anti-interferon autoantibodies in the airways are associated with recovery from COVID-19.

Preexisting anti-interferon-α (anti-IFN-α) autoantibodies in blood are associated with susceptibility to life-threatening COVID-19. However, it is unclear whether anti-IFN-α autoantibodies in the airways, the initial site of infection, can also determine disease outcomes. In this study, we developed a multiparameter technology, FlowBEAT, to quantify and profile the isotypes of anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and anti-IFN-α antibodies in longitudinal samples collected over 20 months from the airways and blood of 129 donors spanning mild to severe COVID-19.

Autologous neutralizing antibody responses after antiretroviral therapy in acute and early HIV-1.

BACKGROUNDEarly antiretroviral therapy initiation (ARTi) in HIV-1 restricts reservoir size and diversity while preserving immune function, potentially improving opportunities for immunotherapeutic cure strategies. For antibody-based cure approaches, the development of autologous neutralizing antibodies (anAbs) after acute/early ARTi is relevant but is poorly understood.METHODSWe characterized antibody responses in a cohort of 23 participants following ARTi in acute HIV (<60 days after acquisition) and early HIV (60-128 days after acquisition).

Rapid Biphasic Decay of Intact and Defective HIV DNA Reservoir During Acute Treated HIV Disease.

Despite antiretroviral therapy (ART), HIV persists in latently-infected cells ("the reservoir") which decay slowly over time. Here, leveraging >500 longitudinal samples from 67 people with HIV (PWH) treated during acute infection, we developed a novel mathematical model to predict reservoir decay from peripheral CD4+ T cells. Nonlinear generalized additive models demonstrated rapid biphasic decay of intact DNA (week 0-5: t~2.

A common allele of HLA is associated with asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Studies have demonstrated that at least 20% of individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 remain asymptomatic. Although most global efforts have focused on severe illness in COVID-19, examining asymptomatic infection provides a unique opportunity to consider early immunological features that promote rapid viral clearance. Here, postulating that variation in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) loci may underly processes mediating asymptomatic infection, we enrolled 29,947 individuals, for whom high-resolution HLA genotyping data were available, in a smartphone-based study designed to track COVID-19 symptoms and outcomes.

A common allele of HLA mediates asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Despite some inconsistent reporting of symptoms, studies have demonstrated that at least 20% of individuals infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) will remain asymptomatic. Although most global efforts have focused on understanding factors underlying severe illness in COVID-19 (coronavirus disease of 2019), the examination of asymptomatic infection provides a unique opportunity to consider early disease and immunologic features promoting rapid viral clearance. Owing to its critical role in the immune response, we postulated that variation in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) loci may underly processes mediating asymptomatic infection.