A phenotype associated with novel ABO*A allele variant c.106delinsGG.

Background And Objectives: Discrepancy between forward and reverse ABO grouping could be due to several reasons including genetic mutations of the alleles encoding group specific transferase. The healthy donors found with weak A antigen were investigated to ascertain the allele responsible for variation.

Materials And Methods: Standard serological methods were employed using commercial antisera.

An autoantibody to Rh-Ce protein causing positive direct antiglobulin test in a healthy blood donor.

A positive direct antiglobulin test (DAT) is of diagnostic feature for the patient with autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA). However, on rare occasions, for obscure reasons, it is found among healthy blood donors. The present report is aimed to elucidate serological and immunological characteristics of such autoantibody in a healthy donor aged 62 years found with positive DAT.

A conservative approach in finding compatible blood for a patient with sickle cell disease having multiple alloantibodies.

Background: Sickle cell disease (SCD) patients may develop multiple alloantibodies that pose problem in finding compatible blood for transfusion and require crossmatching with large number of blood.

Aim: The aim of the present study was to find compatible blood with reduced cost by adopting a conservative approach.

Materials And Methods: A step-by-step approach using tube technique, antibodies in original serum, and the saved test supernatant (TS) in search of compatible blood for transfusion purposes.

Anti-Emm, a rare specificity to the high-incidence antigen Emm in an Indian patient defining the new blood group system EMM (ISBT042).

A transfusion recipient lacking a high-incidence antigen (HIA) and has corresponding alloantibody pose a problem in providing compatible blood unit. We encountered a patient with an antibody to an HIA that required identification to assess if compatible blood could be organized. A 65-year-old male was posted for coronary artery bypass grafting surgery.

P-Null Phenotype Due to a Rare Frame-Shift Mutation and with Allo-Anti-PP1Pk Causing a Severe Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction: A Case Report with Clinical Management.

Introduction: The identification of alloantibodies to high-frequency antigens (HFA) and subsequent transfusion management can be challenging and often poses a problem in finding the compatible blood for transfusion. The aim of this study was to investigate the specificity of the antibody to the HFA causing a hemolytic transfusion reaction (HTR) and procure the compatible blood unit for future transfusion.

Case Presentation: A 4-year-old female met with a head injury that led to intracranial bleeding and surgical intervention was required to remove blood clots.

PIGG defines the Emm blood group system.

Emm is a high incidence red cell antigen with eight previously reported Emm- probands. Anti-Emm appears to be naturally occurring yet responsible for a clinically significant acute hemolytic transfusion reaction. Previous work suggests that Emm is located on a GPI-anchored protein, but the antigenic epitope and genetic basis have been elusive.

A observation on grouping anomaly: The phenomena mimicking the B genetic variant of the ABO blood groups.

Background: Discrepancy in "forward/reverse" grouping leads to confusion in assigning ABO group to a person. It could be genetic in nature and classified according to the presence/absent of antigen on red blood cell (RBC) vis-a-vis corresponding alloantibody in plasma.

Aim: The aim of the study was to investigate the grouping anomaly found in a recently delivered woman who required transfusion.

A resource-conserving serologic and highthroughput molecular approach to screen for blood donors with an IN:-5 phenotype.

The Indian blood group system (ISBT 023) comprises one lowprevalence antigen, Ina (IN:1), and five high-prevalence antigens: Inb (IN:2), INFI (IN:3), INJA (IN:4), INRA (IN:5), and INSL (IN:6). The antigens are located on the single-pass trans-membrane glycoprotein encoded by the CD44 gene. The present study was designed to identify the prevalence of the INRA- (IN:-5) phenotype and the frequency of its associated allele (IN*02.

A rare case of naturally occurring allo anti-Jk(a) missed in manual screening test on tube method.

Background: Antibodies to the Kidd blood group are mainly red blood cell (RBC) immune, but a few reports on naturally occurring antibodies have been documented.

Aim: The aim of this study is to study the anti-Jk(a) for its unusual reactivity with different serological methods.

Materials And Methods: Donor's plasma was tested with RBCs from in house donors and commercial panels by manual and automated devices.

High thermal amplitude auto-anti-"N" complicating pretransfusion compatibility tests on a patient with malaria and bladder cancer.

Background: Antigen "N" is a high-frequency antigen of the MNS blood groups and carried on glycophorin B that is resistant to enzymatic cleavage by trypsin, and provides differential diagnosis of its antibody specificity to being present of glycophorin A. Naturally occurring IgM antibodies to are known to be clinically insignificant, as against the IgG counterpart with clinical relevance.

Aim: Auto-anti-"N" association with the bladder cancer was explored for its clinical significance as well as its interference in grouping anomaly.

The prozone effect exerted by the complement-binding anti-Le on anti-D.

Background: Prozone phenomenon is seen with very high-titer antibodies in an immune serum.

Aim: The prozone effect on anti-D by a low-titer anti-Le was investigated associated with neonatal jaundice.

Materials And Methods: Standard methods were used in investigations.

INRA, a new high-frequency antigen in the INDIAN (IN023) blood group system.

Background: The INDIAN blood group system comprises 4 antigens sensitive to enzymes and 2-aminoethyl isothiouronium bromide (AET).

Aim: The patient's antibody was investigated for its specificity to the high-frequency antigens (HFA) of this system.

Material And Methods: Low ionic strength solution (LISS)-tube/LISS-indirect antiglobulin test (IAT) methods were used.

Assessment of quality of platelets preserved in plasma and platelet additive solution: A Malaysian experience.

Background: A use of platelet additives solution (PAS) improves storage conditions so as to give increased shelf life to platelets and to maintain hemostatic function.

Objective: The present study was aimed to compare in vitro quality of platelet rich plasma (PRP)-derived platelet concentrate (PC) during extended period of storage in plasma and in additive solution (Composol PS and Fresenius).

Study Design: Randomized 19 PCs each were used in the study for plasma and PAS as the storage medium.

Unusual spontaneous cold auto-hemagglutination phenomenon in blood units stored under blood bank condition: A retrospective analysis.

Background: Cold agglutinins (CA) are benign naturally occurring low titer autoantibodies present in most individuals. Those with moderate strength are found in infections, malignancies or autoimmune conditions with diagnostic importance.

Aim: Present report deals with CA that brought spontaneous hemagglutination in blood units stored at 2-6°C.

Prevalence of Bacterial Contamination when using a Diversion Pouch during Blood Collection: A Single Center Study in Malaysia.

Background: The implementation of diversion pouches is to minimise the risk of bacterial contamination as the initial blood flow is prevented from entering primary bag collections as it is diverted into a pouch. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of bacterial contamination in the diversion pouches used during blood collections in the Transfusion Department of Hospital Seberang Jaya, Penang, Malaysia.

Methods: BD Bactec™ Fx instrument detection system was performed on 702 samples of 20 mL of diverting blood in diversion pouch.

Prevalence of Diego blood group antigen and the antibody in three ethnic population groups in Klang valley of Malaysia.

Background: Diego blood group antigen, Di(a), is very rare among Caucasians and Blacks, but relatively common among the South American Indians and Asians of Mongolian origin. The antibody to Di(a) is clinically significant to cause hemolytic disease in a new-born or hemolytic transfusion reaction.

Objectives: This study was designed to determine the prevalence of Di(a) antigen among the blood donors from the three major ethnic groups in Klang Valley of Malaysia as well as to find an incidence of an antibody of the Diego antigen, anti-Di(a), in a tertiary care hospital to ascertain the need to include Di(a+) red cells for an antibody screen cell panel.

A profile of rare bloods in India and its impact in blood transfusion service.

From transfusion point of view, a rare blood is the one which lacks a high-frequency antigen as well as the one who lacks multiple common antigens and such blood donations help in transfusion to those recipients having alloantibodies to corresponding antigens. In India, we have about four such kinds of phenotypes potential enough to pose problems in providing blood to the recipients having these phenotypes. Besides, there are other four kinds of rare bloods that pose seldom problems in blood supply, though some of these may cause problems in interpretation of results on assigning proper blood groups for a person.

Development of blood transfusion service in Sultanate of Oman.

Background: Sultanate of Oman is geographically situated in south-west of Asia, having common borders on western side by the land with United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia and Yemen and with the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman in the east and the north respectively. The country enjoys one of the best health care facilities including blood transfusion services in the region.

Study Design: Information was collected through informal personal interviews, digging out the past records, and the report presentations at various forums.