A comparison between intravesical gemcitabine plus docetaxel and intravesical BCG in the treatment of non-muscle invasive naive urinary bladder cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis of oncological outcomes.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy, recurrence rates, and safety profile of intravesical gemcitabine plus docetaxel versus standard Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) therapy for treating naïve non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), focusing on reducing recurrence and progression concerns associated with transurethral resection (TURBT).

Methods: Relevant articles were identified and appraised through a structured assessment of the literature. Databases searched included PubMed, Medline, Scopus, and Science Direct.

Serum Insulin, Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1, Testosterone and Lipid Profile Levels in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and Prostate Cancer at Diagnosis.

Background And Objectives: Prostate cancer is the second most frequently diagnosed cancer in men aged 65 years and older globally. The association of prostate cancer with deranged lipid profile and insulin levels is inconsistent and not well understood. This study aimed to analyze the serum levels of lipids, insulin, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and testosterone and to identify their association with the risk of benign prostatic hyperplasia, prostate cancer and its grading.

Prospective Assessment of VI-RADS with Muscle Invasion in Urinary Bladder Cancer and Its Implication on Re-Resection/Restaging TURBT Patients.

Background: Bladder cancer (BCa) diagnosis relies on distinguishing muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) from non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) forms. Transurethral resection of the bladder tumor (TURBT) is a standard procedure for initial staging and treatment. The Vesical Imaging-Reporting and Data System (VI-RADS) enhances diagnostic accuracy for muscle invasiveness through advanced imaging techniques, potentially reducing reliance on repeat TURBT and improving patient management.

Emphysematous Pyelonephritis With Scrotal Extension: An Unusual Case Presentation.

Emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN) is a suppurative necrotizing form of renal infection with abscess and gas formation in the renal parenchyma and perirenal tissue. EPN with scrotal extension is rare; if not recognized and treated promptly, the clinical course can be severe and life-threatening. The most common causative organism is and association with diabetes mellitus has been found in almost all cases.

Urinary microRNA-10a levels in diagnosis and prognosis of urinary bladder cancer.

Background: Urinary bladder cancer (UBC) is a disease quite common in developed countries; however, its incidence is increasing in developing countries as well. The diagnosis of UBC is generally based on a number of methods, of which urinary cytology is a very commonly used one. But it is not very reliable.

Evaluation of prostate cancer tissue metabolomics: would clinics utilise it for diagnosis?

The difficulty of diagnosing prostate cancer (PC) with the available biomarkers frequently leads to over-diagnosis and overtreatment of PC, underscoring the need for novel molecular signatures. The purpose of this review is to provide a summary of the currently available cellular metabolomics for PC molecular signatures. A comprehensive search on PubMed was conducted to find studies published between January 2004 and August 2022 that reported biomarkers for PC detection, development, aggressiveness, recurrence and treatment response.

Genotypic Analysis of Gene in Diabetic Nephropathy and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Comparative Genetic Study.

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is specified by microalbuminuria, glomerular lesions, and renal fibrosis leading to end-stage renal disease. The pathophysiology of DN is multifactorial as a result of gene-environment interaction. Clinical studies suggested that gene mutations affect various pathways involved in DN, including extracellular matrix (ECM).

Management of Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma in a Tertiary Care Hospital.

Background The behavior of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) is unpredictable and elusive. International Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Database Consortium (IMDC) scores, histological subtypes, and targeted therapy predict survival and prognosis. However, there is a paucity of literature from the Indian subcontinent on mRCC outcomes.

SPATA16 promoter hypermethylation and downregulation in male infertility.

Spermatogenesis associated 16 (SPATA16) gene plays an important role in acrosome formation. In this study, we analysed SPATA16 promoter methylation in 29 oligozoospermic infertile and 16 normozoospermic fertile sperm samples and in testicular biopsy from 16 non-obstructive azoospermic and 2 obstructive azoospermic individuals. Next, we analysed SPATA16 level in sperm from 8 oligozoospermic infertile, 6 normozoospermic fertile, 9 IVF failed normozoospermic and 10 IVF successful normozoospermic samples by immunoblotting.

Qualitative and quantitative assessment of sperm miRNAs identifies hsa-miR-9-3p, hsa-miR-30b-5p and hsa-miR-122-5p as potential biomarkers of male infertility and sperm quality.

Background: In contrast with the preceding stages of the germ cells, spermatozoa are unusually rich in small non-coding RNAs in comparison to the coding RNAs. These small RNAs may have had an essential role in the process of spermatogenesis or may have critical roles in the post-fertilization development. Sporadic efforts have identified a few differentially expressed miRNAs in infertile individuals, which do not replicate in other studies.

Polymorphisms in the HSF2, LRRC6, MEIG1 and PTIP genes correlate with sperm motility in idiopathic infertility.

The aim of this study was to investigate the association of 24 functionally important single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with male infertility. In this cross-sectional study, we genotyped 24 functionally important single nucleotide polymorphisms in 24 infertility candidate genes in 500 oligo-/astheno-/oligoastheno-/normo-zoospermic infertile men with idiopathic infertility. Sequenom iPlex gold assay was used for genotyping.

Relevance of emerging metabolomics-based biomarkers of prostate cancer: a systematic review.

Prostate cancer (PC) presents great challenges in early diagnosis and often leads to unnecessary invasive procedures as well as over diagnosis and treatment, thus highlighting the need for promising early diagnostic biomarkers. The aim of this review is to provide an up-to-date summary of chronologically existing metabolomics PC biomarkers, their potential to improve clinical PC diagnosis and to reduce the proliferation and monitoring of PC. The systematic research was conducted on PubMed in accordance with PRISMA guidelines to report PC biomarkers.

Male infertility is not liked with HSF1, HSF2 and UBE2I gene polymorphisms among Indian subjects.

We analysed the polymorphisms at rs78202224 (C/A) for HSF1 gene, rs139496713 (C/T) and rs45504694 (C/A) for HSF2 gene and rs116868327 (G/A) for UBE2I gene in 547 infertile cases (non-obstructive azoospermia = 464, asthenozoospermia = 83) and 419 proven fertile controls of similar age group and ethnicity. SNP genotyping was done using AgenaMassARRY platform (Agena Bioscience, CA). Common, heterozygous, rare genotypes and allelic frequencies were analysed using dominant, recessive and co-dominant models.

Safety and Efficacy of Furosap®, a Patented Seed Extract, in Boosting Testosterone Level, Reproductive Health and Mood Alleviation in Male Volunteers.

Background: The medicinal herb fenugreek () seeds, fortified with dietary fibers and furostanolic saponins including protodioscin, have demonstrated a significant contribution to human health. In our laboratories, Furosap, a patented 20% protodioscin-enriched extract was developed from fenugreek seeds.

Objective: In an open-label, one-arm, single-center longitudinal study, we examined the safety and efficacy of Furosap on free and total testosterone levels, fasting blood sugar, blood pressure, sperm count, motility and morphology, dihydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), sexual health, reflex erection, mood alleviation, mental alertness, and total blood chemistry analyses over a period of 12 weeks in healthy male volunteers.

Duplication mutation in CHIT1 gene is associated with poor response to medical therapy in patients affected with filarial chyluria.

We explore the impact of CHIT1 gene mutation on clinical, biochemical parameters and response to outcome (remission/failure) of medical treatment in North Indian filarial chyluria (FC) patients. Data of 101 subjects of FC treated medically between March 2013 and April 2016 in whom CHIT1 gene polymorphism was determined were analyzed. Filarial etiology was confirmed by DEC-provocative test, immuno-chromatographic test and IgG/IgM-combo rapid antibody test.

Metabolomics of prostate cancer: Knock-in versus knock-out prostate.

Several metabolomics-derived biomarkers of prostate cancer (PC) have been reported with pre-radical prostatectomy (RP) (knock-in PC) conditions; however, uncontested PC biomarkers panel appraisal and investigation of correlative evidence of these measures is lacking through post-RP (knock-out PC). We sought to explore patients' filtered serum-based metabolomics derived signature measures in knock-in PC (n = 90) using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and multiple rigorous statistical analyses, and to develop the correlative evidence of these measures through knock-out PC (n = 90) follow-up on the 15th and 30th days. The glutamate, citrate and glycine were observed as hallmarks of PC.

Survival-Based Biomarker Module Identification Associated with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC).

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC) is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide with a high rate of morbidity and mortality, with 90% of predilections occurring for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Cancers of the mouth account for 40% of head and neck cancers, including squamous cell carcinomas of the tongue, floor of the mouth, buccal mucosa, lips, hard and soft palate, and gingival. OSCC is the most devastating and commonly occurring oral malignancy, with a mortality rate of 500,000 deaths per year.

An update on the diagnostic biomarkers for asthma.

Asthma is a respiratory disorder accounts for ~339 million cases per annum. The initial diagnosis of asthma relies on the symptomatic identification of characters, such as wheeze, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and cough. The presence of two or more of these symptoms may be considered as indicative of asthma.

Mutations in the desert hedgehog (DHH) gene in the disorders of sexual differentiation and male infertility.

Purpose: To identify the contribution of mutations in the Desert Hedgehog (DHH) gene to the disorders of sexual differentiation (DSD) and male infertility.

Methods: The study included a total 430 subjects, including 47 gonadal dysgenesis cases, 6 patients with undescended testis and infertility characterized by azoospermia, 125 infertile male patients characterized by oligoasthenozoospermia, 24 patients with oligoasthenoteratozoospermia, and 200 ethnically matched normozoospermic fertile men who had fathered a child in the last two years. Sequencing of the complete coding region of the DHH gene was undertaken to find its contribution to the DSD and male infertility.

Identification of robust genes in transcriptional regulatory network of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

About 30% of the world population is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). It is well known that the gene expression in MTB is highly variable, thus screening of traditional single-gene in MTB has been incapable to meet the desires of clinical diagnosis. In this report, the authors systemically analysed the transcription regulatory network (TRN) in MTB The complex interplay of these gene interactions has been revealed using exhaustive topological and global analysis of TRN using parameters including indegree, outdegree, degree, directed and undirected average path length (APL), and randomly performed.

Deciphering Key Genes and miRNAs Associated With Hepatocellular Carcinoma via Network-Based Approach.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)is a common type of liver cancer and has a high mortality world-widely. The diagnosis, prognoses, and therapeutics are very poor due to the unclear molecular mechanism of progression of the disease. To unveil the molecular mechanism of progression of HCC, we extract a large sample of mRNA expression levels from the GEO database where a total of 167 samples were used for study, and out of them, 115 samples were from HCC tumor tissue.

Comparison of electrocautery versus holmium laser energy source for transurethral ureterocele incision: an outcome analysis from a tertiary care institute.

Transurethral endoscopic incision is an established treatment option for management of obstructing ureterocele. It can be performed using monopolar electrocautery or holmium laser as an energy source. The present study was carried out to evaluate outcomes of transurethral ureterocele incision (TUI) by two different energy sources, i.

Increased Gonadotropins and prolactin are linked to infertility in males.

Infertility has become a significant issue among married couples worldwide. The association of variations in reproductive hormones with infertility is evaluated at a tertiary care hospital in North India. A total of 220 infertile males having infertility longer than one year (cases) and 220 age-matched fertile males with confirmed paternity in past two to three years (controls) were enrolled for the study.