Therapeutic Options in Refractory Diabetic Macular Oedema.

Diabetic macular oedema (DMO) results from alterations of several biochemical pathways in diabetic eyes. Centre-involving DMO is an important cause of visual loss in diabetes. Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents are now the mainstay of centre-involving DMO treatment.

PROSPECTIVE RANDOMIZED SUBJECT-MASKED STUDY OF INTRAVITREAL BEVACIZUMAB MONOTHERAPY VERSUS DEXAMETHASONE IMPLANT MONOTHERAPY IN THE TREATMENT OF PERSISTENT DIABETIC MACULAR EDEMA.

Purpose: To compare intravitreal bevacizumab monotherapy with intravitreal dexamethasone delayed delivery system monotherapy for persistent diabetic macular edema.

Methods: Single-center, randomized, subject-masked study of eyes with persistent diabetic macular edema, defined as central subfield thickness (CST) >340 μm despite ≥3 anti-vascular endothelial growth factors injections within 5 months. The intravitreal bevacizumab monotherapy (n = 23 eyes) and delayed delivery system monotherapy (n = 27 eyes) groups received treatments q1month and q3months, respectively.

Assessment of Ischemic Index in Retinal Vascular Diseases Using Ultra-Wide-Field Fluorescein Angiography: Single Versus Summarized Image.

Background And Objective: To compare a single image with a computer-generated summarized image from the ultra-wide-field fluorescein angiogram (UWFFA) sequence for evaluation of ischemic index (ISI).

Materials And Methods: UWFFA sequences from patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR) (n=5), branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) (n=5), and central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) (n=5) were evaluated by six graders. A single image best illustrating retinal non-perfusion was compared to a summarized image generated by computerized superimposition of angiograms.

Evaluation of cytochrome P4502E1 polymorphisms in healthy adult Western Indians and patients with antituberculous drug-induced hepatotoxicity.

Objectives: Cytochrome P4502E1 (CYP2E1) is involved in the metabolism of isoniazid and the mediation of its hepatotoxicity. It exhibits genetic polymorphism in humans. This study evaluated the polymorphism of CYP2E1 in adult healthy Western Indians and patients on antituberculous drugs by phenotyping and genotyping.

Reprint of: Survey of patients with age-related macular degeneration: knowledge and adherence to recommendations.

Objective: To evaluate the patient's understanding of the importance and adherence to the various lifestyle and Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) supplement recommendations for age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Participants: Patients with AMD treated at the vitreoretinal service clinic.

Intracranial chordoma presenting as acute hemorrhage in a child: Case report and literature review.

Background: Chordomas are rare, slow-growing malignant neoplasms derived from remnants of the embryological notochord. Pediatric cases comprise only 5% of all chordomas, but more than half of the reported pediatric chordomas are intracranial. For patients of all ages, intracranial chordomas typically present with symptoms such as headaches and progressive neurological deficits occurring over several weeks to many years as they compress or invade local structures.

Hydroxyapatite orbital implant in children following enucleation: analysis of 531 sockets.

Purpose: To evaluate the features and long-term outcomes of hydroxyapatite (HA) orbital implant following enucleation in pediatric patients.

Methods: A retrospective review was performed on clinical records of patients ≤18 years of age , managed with enucleation and HA implant placement. Recorded outcomes included implant-related complications, implant and prosthesis motility, and patient cosmetic satisfaction.

Morphologic features and evolution of inner retinal dimples on optical coherence tomography after internal limiting membrane peeling.

Purpose: To evaluate morphologic features and the evolution of inner retinal dimples using spectral domain optical coherence tomography after internal limiting membrane peeling.

Methods: A single-center retrospective study of spectral domain optical coherence tomography features in 43 eyes after full-thickness macular hole surgery with internal limiting membrane peeling without adjunctive internal limiting membrane staining.

Results: Postoperatively, a total of 210 dimples were noted in 37 eyes (86%), with a mean of 5.

Intravitreal bevacizumab at 4-month intervals for prevention of macular edema after plaque radiotherapy of uveal melanoma.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of intravitreal bevacizumab for prevention of macular edema after plaque radiotherapy of uveal melanoma.

Design: Retrospective, single-center, nonrandomized, interventional comparative study.

Participants: Patients with uveal melanoma treated with plaque radiotherapy were divided into 2 groups: a bevacizumab group and a control group.

Uveal metastasis from lung cancer: clinical features, treatment, and outcome in 194 patients.

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical features, treatment, and prognosis of patients with uveal metastasis from lung cancer.

Design: Retrospective chart review.

Participants: There were 194 patients with a diagnosis of uveal metastasis from lung cancer.

Assessment of the risk of needlestick injuries associated with intravitreal injections.

Purpose: To assess the overall risk of needlestick injuries (NSIs) associated with intravitreal injection, and more specifically related to the practice of compounding pharmacies of applying informational adhesive stickers to repackaged bevacizumab injection syringes.

Methods: This cross-sectional study involved an online survey of retina specialists in the United States.

Results: Of the 717 invited retina specialists, 158 (22%) responded to the online survey.

Survey of patients with age-related macular degeneration: knowledge and adherence to recommendations.

Objective: To evaluate the patient's understanding of the importance and adherence to the various lifestyle and Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) supplement recommendations for age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Participants: Patients with AMD treated at the vitreoretinal service clinic.

Optical coherence tomography of retinal and choroidal tumors.

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has revolutionized the field of ophthalmology since its introduction 20 years ago. Originally intended primarily for retina specialists to image the macula, it has found its role in other subspecialties that include glaucoma, cornea, and ocular oncology. In ocular oncology, OCT provides axial resolution to approximately 7 microns with cross-sectional images of the retina, delivering valuable information on the effects of intraocular tumors on the retinal architecture.

Iris melanoma management with iodine-125 plaque radiotherapy in 144 patients: impact of melanoma-related glaucoma on outcomes.

Purpose: To evaluate the outcomes of iris melanoma managed with plaque radiotherapy on the basis of the initial presence or absence of glaucoma.

Design: Retrospective, comparative case series.

Participants: A total of 144 patients.

Resection of intraocular tumors (partial lamellar sclerouvectomy) in the pediatric age group.

Purpose: To describe the outcome of intraocular tumor resection by partial lamellar sclerouvectomy (PLSU) in the pediatric age group.

Design: Retrospective, interventional case series.

Participants: We included 37 patients who underwent PLSU for intraocular tumors under age 21 years.

Interferon for ocular surface squamous neoplasia in 81 cases: outcomes based on the American Joint Committee on Cancer classification.

Purpose: To assess the efficacy of interferon alpha-2b (IFNα2b) in the management of ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN).

Methods: This is a retrospective, nonrandomized interventional case series study of 80 patients with 81 tumors treated with IFNα2b eye drops and/or injection combined with surgical excision when necessary. The main outcome measure was complete response or partial response based on the American Joint Committee on Cancer classification.

Application of the femtosecond laser LASIK microkeratome in eye banking.

Purpose Of Review: To review the literature for recent advancements in the femtosecond laser technology with regard to its applications in corneal transplantation and eye banking.

Recent Findings: Advancements in corneal surgery have encouraged the use of disease-specific corneal subcomponents, utilized in procedures such as anterior-lamellar keratoplasty and endothelial keratoplasty, instead of traditional transplant procedures to minimize adverse effects of penetrating keratoplasty. Femtosecond laser microkeratomes can precisely create flaps for such transplant procedures, achieve better wound stability, and promote healing by shaped wound configurations.

Iris melanoma: features and prognosis in 317 children and adults.

Purpose: To evaluate iris melanoma in children versus adults.

Methods: Retrospective, nonrandomized clinical case series including all patients with a clinical diagnosis of iris melanoma managed at the Ocular Oncology Service at Wills Eye Institute over 40 years. Patients were divided into three age categories based on age at presentation: children (≤ 20 years), mid-adults (21-60 years), and older adults (>60 years).

Giant ocular surface squamous neoplasia managed with interferon alpha-2b as immunotherapy or immunoreduction.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of interferon alpha-2b (IFNα2b) for extensive ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN).

Design: Retrospective, interventional case series.

Participants: Eighteen eyes in 18 patients.

Topical interferon alfa-2b for management of ocular surface squamous neoplasia in 23 cases: outcomes based on American Joint Committee on Cancer classification.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of topical interferon alfa-2b in the management of ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN).

Methods: Clinically visible OSSN in 20 patients (23 tumors) was managed with topical interferon alfa-2b, 1 million IU/mL, 4 times daily. Tumor control and complications were evaluated according to American Joint Committee on Cancer classification.

Enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography of choroidal nevus in 104 cases.

Purpose: To describe the characteristics of choroidal nevus using the enhanced depth imaging (EDI) feature of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Design: Retrospective, observational case series.

Participants: One hundred four eyes with choroidal nevus.

Plaque radiotherapy for residual or recurrent iris melanoma after surgical resection in 32 cases.

Purpose: To evaluate plaque radiotherapy for management of residual or recurrent iris melanoma after surgical resection.

Design: Retrospective, nonrandomized interventional case series.

Participants: We included 32 patients with residual or recurrent iris melanoma after surgical resection.

Effect of intraarterial chemotherapy on retinoblastoma-induced retinal detachment.

Purpose: To study the effect of intraarterial chemotherapy (IAC) on retinoblastoma-induced retinal detachment.

Methods: Retrospective, noncomparative, interventional case series including 15 patients, with intraarterial (ophthalmic artery) chemotherapy as the intervention. Resolution of retinal detachment was the main outcome measure.