Precise additive food manufacturing: Printing of millet dough, characterization, and comprehensive printability assessment.

The research aims at the development of 3D-printed millet-based composite dough cookies from a selected formulation, among 31 formulations, with the best printability and stability. The dough comprises composite pearl and amaranth millet flour in an equal ratio (20-40 g), shortening (10-30 g), jaggery (12-22 g), and water (25-35 g). In stage one, a comprehensive analytical printability assessment of printed construct in terms of printing precision, printing rate, and stability is conducted.